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Unveiling and explaining the procedural justice in the policy design of renewable energy siting process in the United States.

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Title: Unveiling and explaining the procedural justice in the policy design of renewable energy siting process in the United States.
Authors: Gao, Xue1 (AUTHOR) xg23d@fsu.edu, Zhou, Shan2 (AUTHOR), Schurr, Dori3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Policy Studies Journal. Aug2025, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p556-579. 24p.
Subject Terms: *PARTICIPATORY design, *RENEWABLE energy sources, RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy), DISTRIBUTIVE justice, SOCIAL justice, PROCEDURAL justice
Abstract (English): Social justice is a fundamental value in public policy, but empirically examining this intricate concept remains a persistent challenge. Recent studies have made early attempts to examine how policy design choices consider distributive justice but have overlooked how procedural justice considerations have been integrated into policy designs. Drawing on policy design and participatory governance literature, this study develops a procedural justice score to empirically measure and compare policy design features of renewable energy siting policies across U.S. states. We focus on policy goals, settings, and calibrations of policy instruments, and the congruence between policy goals and instruments. We do not find consistent policy congruence, which implies that policymakers can view procedural justice as both a normative goal associated with democratic ideals and an instrumental goal facilitating a successful and sustainable energy transition. While most states fall short in designing a fair, inclusive, and participatory process, there is a growing trend toward adopting participatory approaches in renewable siting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Resumen: La justicia social es un valor fundamental en las políticas públicas, pero el examen empírico de este intrincado concepto sigue siendo un desafío persistente. Estudios recientes han hecho intentos tempranos de examinar cómo las opciones de diseño de políticas consideran la justicia distributiva, pero han pasado por alto cómo las consideraciones de justicia procedimental se han integrado en los diseños de políticas. Basándose en el diseño de políticas y la literatura de gobernanza participativa, este estudio desarrolla un puntaje de justicia procedimental para medir y comparar empíricamente las características del diseño de políticas de las políticas de ubicación de energía renovable en los estados de EE. UU. Nos centramos en los objetivos de las políticas, los entornos y las calibraciones de los instrumentos de política, y la congruencia entre los objetivos de las políticas y los instrumentos. No encontramos una congruencia política consistente, lo que implica que los responsables de las políticas pueden ver la justicia procedimental como un objetivo normativo asociado con los ideales democráticos y un objetivo instrumental que facilita una transición energética exitosa y sostenible. Si bien la mayoría de los estados no logran diseñar un proceso justo, inclusivo y participativo, existe una tendencia creciente hacia la adopción de enfoques participativos en la ubicación de energías renovables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Chinese): 摘要: 社会正义是公共政策的一个基本价值，然而，实证检验这一复杂概念仍然是一项持续的挑战。近期研究已经初步尝试分析政策设计选择如何考虑分配性正义，但却忽略了程序正义的考量因素如何融入政策设计。基于政策设计和参与式治理文献，本研究提出一一项程序正义评分，以实证衡量和比较美国各州可再生能源选址政策的政策设计特征。我们关注政策目标、政策工具的设置和校准，以及政策目标和工具之间的一致性。我们没有发现一致的政策一致性，这意味着决策者能将程序正义视为规范性目标和工具性目标，前者与民主理想相关，后者能促进成功且可持续的能源转型。虽然大多数州在设计一个公平的、包容的和参与性的进程方面存在不足，但在可再生能源选址方面采用参与式方法的趋势日益增长。. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Business Source Index
Description
Abstract:Social justice is a fundamental value in public policy, but empirically examining this intricate concept remains a persistent challenge. Recent studies have made early attempts to examine how policy design choices consider distributive justice but have overlooked how procedural justice considerations have been integrated into policy designs. Drawing on policy design and participatory governance literature, this study develops a procedural justice score to empirically measure and compare policy design features of renewable energy siting policies across U.S. states. We focus on policy goals, settings, and calibrations of policy instruments, and the congruence between policy goals and instruments. We do not find consistent policy congruence, which implies that policymakers can view procedural justice as both a normative goal associated with democratic ideals and an instrumental goal facilitating a successful and sustainable energy transition. While most states fall short in designing a fair, inclusive, and participatory process, there is a growing trend toward adopting participatory approaches in renewable siting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:0190292X
DOI:10.1111/psj.12563