Výsledky vyhľadávania - "neuromuscular"

Spontaneous recovery from rocuronium measured by mechanomyography during 100- or 200-Hz tetanic stimulations compared to normalized train-of-four with acceleromyography.

Autori: Dubois PE Moreillon F Bihin B a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of clinical monitoring and computing [J Clin Monit Comput] 2025 Oct; Vol. 39 (5), pp. 1037-1045. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 01.

Spôsob vydávania: Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9806357 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2614 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13871307 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Monit Comput Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Accelerometry*/methods , Myography*/methods , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents* , Rocuronium*/pharmacology, Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Anesthesia, General ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods ; Neuromuscular Monitoring/methods ; Ulnar Nerve

Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the efficacy of sugammadex for neuromuscular block reversal in ovarian cancer patients: A prospective cohort study.

Autori: Huang X Gu X Xing L a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of clinical anesthesia [J Clin Anesth] 2025 Nov; Vol. 107, pp. 112012. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 30.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8812166 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4529 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09528180 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Anesth Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Sugammadex*/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Neuromuscular Blockade*/adverse effects , Ovarian Neoplasms*/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols*/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols*/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols*/adverse effects, Humans ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rocuronium/administration & dosage ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Carboplatin/administration & dosage ; Paclitaxel/administration & dosage ; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures/methods ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods ; Treatment Outcome

A Successful Use of Electromyography-Based Neuromuscular Monitoring in a Patient With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report.

Autori: Uesaka T Iwasaki H

Zdroj: A&A practice [A A Pract] 2025 Oct 20; Vol. 19 (10), pp. e02074. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 20 (Print Publication: 2025).

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Case Reports

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101714112 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2575-3126 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25753126 NLM ISO Abbreviation: A A Pract Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Cerebral Palsy*/surgery , Cerebral Palsy*/physiopathology , Electromyography*/methods , Neuromuscular Monitoring*/methods, Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Rocuronium ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, General

Precision of electromyography according to the calibration approach of neuromuscular monitoring: a randomised prospective agreement study.

Autori: Scheffenbichler FT Ulm B Borgstedt L a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of clinical monitoring and computing [J Clin Monit Comput] 2025 Oct; Vol. 39 (5), pp. 1047-1056. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 28.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9806357 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2614 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13871307 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Monit Comput Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Electromyography*/methods , Neuromuscular Monitoring*/methods , Monitoring, Intraoperative*/methods, Humans ; Calibration ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Adult ; Aged ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General

Neuromuscular, haemodynamic, and autonomic effects of a fast-onset, long-acting, nondepolarising, carborane neuromuscular blocking agent compared to rocuronium in rats.

Autori: Timko NJ Ghaly TN Goswami LN a ďalší

Zdroj: European journal of anaesthesiology [Eur J Anaesthesiol] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 42 (12), pp. 1102-1111. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 24.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009- Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8411711 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2346 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02650215 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Anaesthesiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rocuronium*/pharmacology , Rocuronium*/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/administration & dosage , Hemodynamics*/drug effects , Autonomic Nervous System*/drug effects, Animals ; Rats ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sugammadex/pharmacology ; Sugammadex/administration & dosage ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Neuromuscular Blockade/methods

Association Between Rocuronium Administration and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Moderate-To-Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Autori: Tonai M Sasabuchi Y Watanabe H a ďalší

Zdroj: The Annals of pharmacotherapy [Ann Pharmacother] 2025 Nov; Vol. 59 (11), pp. 969-977. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 28.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9203131 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1542-6270 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10600280 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Pharmacother Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rocuronium*/administration & dosage , Rocuronium*/therapeutic use , Respiratory Distress Syndrome*/drug therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome*/mortality , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Hospital Mortality ; Respiration, Artificial ; Intensive Care Units ; Treatment Outcome ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage ; Cohort Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Adult

Evidence from a Bayesian reanalysis of the iPROVE-OLV study: is it time to update our prior assumptions regarding neuromuscular block and reversal?

Autori: Colquhoun DA Blobner M

Zdroj: British journal of anaesthesia [Br J Anaesth] 2025 Nov; Vol. 135 (5), pp. 1391-1393. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 21.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Editorial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372541 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-6771 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00070912 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Anaesth Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods, Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Neuromuscular Monitoring/methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Ultrasonographic assessment of sugammadex-enhanced early recovery of diaphragmatic function in children: A randomised double-blind controlled trial.

Autori: Park JB Kim TW Ji SH a ďalší

Zdroj: European journal of anaesthesiology [Eur J Anaesthesiol] 2025 Oct 01; Vol. 42 (10), pp. 907-915. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 07.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009- Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8411711 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2346 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02650215 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Anaesthesiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Sugammadex*/administration & dosage , Diaphragm*/diagnostic imaging , Diaphragm*/drug effects , Diaphragm*/physiology , Neuromuscular Blockade*/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Recovery of Function*/drug effects , Recovery of Function*/physiology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Double-Blind Method ; Neostigmine/administration & dosage ; Child, Preschool ; Prospective Studies ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/prevention & control ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage

Comparative potentiating effects of remimazolam, propofol and sevoflurane on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block: a randomized controlled trial.

Autori: Itaya T Takagi S Sato H a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of anesthesia [J Anesth] 2025 Aug; Vol. 39 (4), pp. 600-606. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 30.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer International for the Japan Society of Anesthesiology Country of Publication: Japan NLM ID: 8905667 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1438-8359 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09138668 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anesth Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Propofol*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/blood , Benzodiazepines*/pharmacology , Androstanols*/pharmacology , Methyl Ethers*/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Intravenous*/pharmacology, Humans ; Rocuronium ; Sevoflurane ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacology ; Aged ; Neuromuscular Monitoring

Pro: The Use of Sugammadex Does Not Preclude the Need for Objective Neuromuscular Monitoring.

Autori: Renew JR Linn DD

Zdroj: Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia [J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth] 2025 Jul; Vol. 39 (7), pp. 1878-1881. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: W.B. Saunders Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9110208 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-8422 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10530770 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Neuromuscular Monitoring*/methods , gamma-Cyclodextrins*/pharmacology, Humans ; Sugammadex ; Neostigmine ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors

Strategies to prevent awareness with paralysis following administration of neuromuscular blocking agents.

Autori: Linn DD Rech MA Faine BA

Zdroj: American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists [Am J Health Syst Pharm] 2025 Aug 19; Vol. 82 (17), pp. e736-e742.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9503023 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-2900 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10792082 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Health Syst Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents*/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents*/administration & dosage , Paralysis*/chemically induced , Paralysis*/prevention & control , Awareness*/drug effects, Humans ; Pharmacists/organization & administration ; Neuromuscular Blockade/adverse effects ; Neuromuscular Blockade/methods ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects ; Professional Role

Neostigmine Versus Sugammadex for Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Elderly Patients: A Blinded Randomised Study.

Autori: Vested M Wadland SS Christensen MI a ďalší

Zdroj: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica [Acta Anaesthesiol Scand] 2026 Jan; Vol. 70 (1), pp. e70160.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0370270 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1399-6576 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00015172 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neostigmine*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , gamma-Cyclodextrins*/pharmacology , Cholinesterase Inhibitors*/pharmacology, Humans ; Sugammadex ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Rocuronium ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Androstanols/antagonists & inhibitors ; Single-Blind Method

Age-Specific Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: A Comprehensive Review.

Autori: Radkowski P Kowalczyk K Łęczycka A a ďalší

Zdroj: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research [Med Sci Monit] 2025 Sep 29; Vol. 31, pp. e949656. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 29.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: International Scientific Information, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9609063 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1643-3750 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 12341010 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Sci Monit Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents*/pharmacology, Humans ; Age Factors ; Neuromuscular Blockade/methods ; Child ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Anesthesia/methods ; Aged

Theranostic extracellular vesicles: Emerging frontiers in neuromuscular disease diagnosis and therapy.

Autori: Archana R Rajendran RL Gangadaran P a ďalší

Zdroj: Gene [Gene] 2025 Sep 10; Vol. 964, pp. 149640. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 20.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7706761 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0038 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03781119 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Gene Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Diseases*/diagnosis , Neuromuscular Diseases*/therapy , Neuromuscular Diseases*/metabolism , Extracellular Vesicles*/metabolism , Theranostic Nanomedicine*/methods, Humans ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism ; Animals

Analgesia and Sedation Related to the Use of Long-Acting Neuromuscular Blockers: A Narrative Review.

Autori: Ender V Frakes M Cohen J a ďalší

Zdroj: Air medical journal [Air Med J] 2025 Sep-Oct; Vol. 44 (5), pp. 416-419. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 13.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9312325 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-6497 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1067991X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Air Med J Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Transportation of Patients*/standards , Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation*/adverse effects , Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation*/methods , Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation*/standards , Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation*/statistics & numerical data , Analgesia*/adverse effects , Analgesia*/standards , Analgesia*/statistics & numerical data , Conscious Sedation*/adverse effects , Conscious Sedation*/standards , Conscious Sedation*/statistics & numerical data , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents*/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents*/adverse effects, Humans ; Rocuronium/administration & dosage ; Rocuronium/adverse effects ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Succinylcholine/administration & dosage ; Succinylcholine/adverse effects ; Time-to-Treatment

Magnesium sulfate and sugammadex: implications for routine practice.

Autori: Fuchs-Buder T Schmartz D Plaud B

Zdroj: Current opinion in anaesthesiology [Curr Opin Anaesthesiol] 2025 Aug 01; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 349-352. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 24.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8813436 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-6500 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09527907 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Magnesium Sulfate*/adverse effects , Magnesium Sulfate*/administration & dosage , Magnesium Sulfate*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Neuromuscular Blockade*/adverse effects , gamma-Cyclodextrins*/adverse effects, Sugammadex ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rocuronium ; Androstanols/antagonists & inhibitors ; Anesthesia Recovery Period

Next generation of neuromuscular blockade reversal agents.

Autori: de Boer HD Vieira Carlos R

Zdroj: Current opinion in anaesthesiology [Curr Opin Anaesthesiol] 2025 Aug 01; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 337-342. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 25.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8813436 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-6500 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09527907 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Blockade*/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents*, Humans ; Sugammadex ; Neostigmine/pharmacology ; gamma-Cyclodextrins/pharmacology ; Animals ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors

Advances in Neuromuscular Monitoring Techniques in Anesthesiology: A 2025 Perspective.

Autori: Grabarczyk Ł; Alarm Clock Clinic, Coma Recovery and Neurorehabilitation Center, Warsaw, Poland.

Zdroj: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research [Med Sci Monit] 2025 Jul 20; Vol. 31, pp. e948980. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 20.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: International Scientific Information, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9609063 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1643-3750 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 12341010 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Sci Monit Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neuromuscular Monitoring*/methods , Neuromuscular Monitoring*/trends , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods , Anesthesiology*/methods , Anesthesiology*/trends, Humans ; Electromyography/methods ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

The electromyographic single twitch stimulation for monitoring the effect of rocuronium on vocal cord opening - a randomised controlled trial.

Autori: Herzog-Niescery J von der Gönna M Werner SJ a ďalší

Zdroj: BMC anesthesiology [BMC Anesthesiol] 2025 Jul 03; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 333. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968535 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2253 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712253 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Anesthesiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rocuronium*/pharmacology , Rocuronium*/administration & dosage , Electromyography*/methods , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents*/administration & dosage , Vocal Cords*/drug effects, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Intubation, Intratracheal/methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Aged ; Neuromuscular Blockade/methods ; Electric Stimulation

Sugammadex for Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in Neonates and Infants Less than 2 Years Old: Results from a Phase IV Randomized Clinical Trial.

Autori: Mensah-Osman E Mukai Y Wang A a ďalší

Zdroj: Anesthesiology [Anesthesiology] 2025 Aug 01; Vol. 143 (2), pp. 300-312. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study; Clinical Trial, Phase IV

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1300217 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1528-1175 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00033022 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anesthesiology Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Sugammadex*/administration & dosage , Sugammadex*/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade*/methods, Humans ; Male ; Infant ; Female ; Double-Blind Method ; Infant, Newborn ; Neostigmine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/antagonists & inhibitors