Suchergebnisse - "butyrylthiocholine"

Direct determination of kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a poor substrate by human plasma.

Autoren: Stojan J; Institute of biochemistry and molecular genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: stojan@mf.uni-lj.si.

Quelle: Chemico-biological interactions [Chem Biol Interact] 2025 Sep 05; Vol. 418, pp. 111600. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 13.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0227276 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7786 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00092797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chem Biol Interact Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase*/metabolism , Butyrylcholinesterase*/blood, Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Colorimetry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Substrate Specificity ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism

Identification, Baculoviral Expression, and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Cholinesterase of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae).

Autoren: Temeyer KB Schlechte KG Gross AD et al.

Quelle: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2023 Apr 22; Vol. 24 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 22.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ixodidae*/genetics , Ticks*, Animals ; Rabbits ; Amblyomma/genetics ; Cholinesterases/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/metabolism ; Acetylthiocholine/metabolism ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Antibodies/metabolism

Non-productive binding of butyryl(thio)choline in the active site of vertebrate acetylcholinesterase.

Autoren: Stojan J; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. stojan@mf.uni-lj.si

Quelle: Chemico-biological interactions [Chem Biol Interact] 2010 Sep 06; Vol. 187 (1-3), pp. 128-34. Date of Electronic Publication: 2010 May 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0227276 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7786 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00092797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chem Biol Interact Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Catalytic Domain* , Torpedo*, Acetylcholinesterase/*chemistry , Acetylcholinesterase/*metabolism , Butyrylthiocholine/*metabolism, Acetylthiocholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Butyrylthiocholine/pharmacology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Protein Binding

A new sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for measurement of activity and kinetic study of cholinesterases.

Autoren: Mukhametgalieva AR Zueva IV Aglyamova AR et al.

Quelle: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics [Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom] 2020 Jan; Vol. 1868 (1), pp. 140270. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Sep 10.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101731734 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1454 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15709639 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Acetylcholinesterase/*chemistry , Butyrylcholinesterase/*chemistry, Acetylcholinesterase/genetics ; Acetylthiocholine/analogs & derivatives ; Acetylthiocholine/chemistry ; Butyrylcholinesterase/genetics ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Mutation ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Inhibition of human plasma cholinesterase by malachite green and related triarylmethane dyes: mechanistic implications.

Autoren: Küçükkilinç T Ozer I

Quelle: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics [Arch Biochem Biophys] 2005 Aug 15; Vol. 440 (2), pp. 118-22.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372430 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0003-9861 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00039861 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Biochem Biophys Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylthiocholine/*metabolism , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology , Cholinesterases/*metabolism , Rosaniline Dyes/*pharmacology, Binding Sites ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Choline/blood ; Choline/metabolism ; Cholinesterases/blood ; Cholinesterases/drug effects ; Donepezil ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Indans/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Methyl Green/chemistry ; Methyl Green/pharmacology ; Peripheral Nerves/metabolism ; Phenothiazines/pharmacology ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Propidium/pharmacology ; Rosaniline Dyes/chemistry ; Temperature ; Toluidines/chemistry ; Toluidines/pharmacology

High activity of human butyrylcholinesterase at low pH in the presence of excess butyrylthiocholine.

Autoren: Masson P Nachon F Bartels CF et al.

Quelle: European journal of biochemistry [Eur J Biochem] 2003 Jan; Vol. 270 (2), pp. 315-24.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0107600 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0014-2956 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00142956 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Biochem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*metabolism , Butyrylthiocholine/*metabolism, Amino Acid Substitution ; Amino Acids ; Butyrylcholinesterase/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Catalytic parameters for the hydrolysis of butyrylthiocholine by human serum butyrylcholinesterase variants.

Autoren: Simeon-Rudolf V Reiner E Evans RT et al.

Quelle: Chemico-biological interactions [Chem Biol Interact] 1999 May 14; Vol. 119-120, pp. 165-71.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0227276 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0009-2797 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00092797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chem Biol Interact Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*blood , Butyrylthiocholine/*metabolism, Binding Sites ; Butyrylcholinesterase/genetics ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Linear Models ; Models, Chemical ; Phenotype ; Substrate Specificity

Mechanism of eserine action on the hydrolysis of butyrylthiocholine by butyrylcholinesterase.

Autoren: Stojan J Pavlic MR

Quelle: Journal of enzyme inhibition [J Enzyme Inhib] 1997 Jan; Vol. 11 (3), pp. 199-208.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Harwood Academic Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 8709734 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 8755-5093 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10265457 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Enzyme Inhib Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*pharmacology , Butyrylthiocholine/*metabolism , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*chemistry , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology , Physostigmine/*chemistry , Physostigmine/*pharmacology, Binding, Competitive/drug effects ; Binding, Competitive/physiology ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Enzymes/chemistry ; Hydrolysis/drug effects ; Kinetics ; Molecular Structure ; Time Factors

Characterization of butyrylcholinesterase from porcine milk.

Autoren: Saxena A Belinskaya T Schopfer LM et al.

Quelle: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics [Arch Biochem Biophys] 2018 Aug 15; Vol. 652, pp. 38-49. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jun 15.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372430 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0384 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00039861 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Biochem Biophys Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*chemistry , Milk/*enzymology, Acetylthiocholine/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Butyrylcholinesterase/isolation & purification ; Butyrylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Humans ; Peptides/chemistry ; Substrate Specificity ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods

Activity and determinants of cholinesterases and paraoxonase-1 in blood of workers exposed to non-cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides.

Autoren: Lozano-Paniagua D Gómez-Martín A Gil F et al.

Quelle: Chemico-biological interactions [Chem Biol Interact] 2016 Nov 25; Vol. 259 (Pt B), pp. 160-167. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Apr 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0227276 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7786 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00092797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chem Biol Interact Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Acetylcholinesterase/*metabolism , Aryldialkylphosphatase/*metabolism , Pesticides/*poisoning, Acetylcholinesterase/blood ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics ; Benzoylcholine/chemistry ; Benzoylcholine/metabolism ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Substrate Specificity ; Young Adult

Rapid Mechanistic Evaluation and Parameter Estimation of Putative Inhibitors in a Single-Step Progress-Curve Analysis: The Case of Horse Butyrylcholinesterase.

Autoren: Stojan J; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazovtrg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. stojan@mf.uni-lj.si.

Quelle: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) [Molecules] 2017 Jul 26; Vol. 22 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jul 26.

Publikationsart: Evaluation Study; Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100964009 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1420-3049 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14203049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Molecules Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*chemistry , Butyrylthiocholine/*chemistry , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*chemistry, Animals ; Horses ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Sodium Fluoride/chemistry

Fully integrated ready-to-use paper-based electrochemical biosensor to detect nerve agents.

Autoren: Cinti S Minotti C Moscone D et al.

Quelle: Biosensors & bioelectronics [Biosens Bioelectron] 2017 Jul 15; Vol. 93, pp. 46-51. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 01.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Advanced Technology Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9001289 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4235 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09565663 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biosens Bioelectron Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Biosensing Techniques*, Chemical Warfare Agents/*isolation & purification , Nerve Agents/*isolation & purification , Paraoxon/*isolation & purification, Butyrylcholinesterase/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Chemical Warfare Agents/chemistry ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Humans ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Nerve Agents/toxicity ; Paper ; Paraoxon/chemistry

Photography by Cameras Integrated in Smartphones as a Tool for Analytical Chemistry Represented by an Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay.

Autoren: Pohanka M; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic. miroslav.pohanka@unob.cz.

Quelle: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2015 Jun 11; Vol. 15 (6), pp. 13752-62. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jun 11.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Smartphone*, Butyrylcholinesterase/*metabolism , Colorimetry/*instrumentation , Enzyme Assays/*instrumentation , Photography/*instrumentation, Animals ; Butyrylthiocholine/analysis ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Enzyme Assays/methods ; Female ; Limit of Detection ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mobile Applications ; Reproducibility of Results

Kinetic characterization of a cocaine hydrolase engineered from mouse butyrylcholinesterase.

Autoren: Chen X Huang X Geng L et al.

Quelle: The Biochemical journal [Biochem J] 2015 Mar 01; Vol. 466 (2), pp. 243-51.

Publikationsart: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Published by Portland Press on behalf of the Biochemical Society Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2984726R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1470-8728 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02646021 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biochem J Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Models, Molecular*, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*metabolism , Cocaine/*metabolism, Acetylcholine/chemistry ; Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biocatalysis ; Butyrylcholinesterase/chemistry ; Butyrylcholinesterase/genetics ; Butyrylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/chemistry ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics ; Cocaine/chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity

Expression of human butyrylcholinesterase with an engineered glycosylation profile resembling the plasma-derived orthologue.

Autoren: Schneider JD Castilho A Neumann L et al.

Quelle: Biotechnology journal [Biotechnol J] 2014 Apr; Vol. 9 (4), pp. 501-10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Nov 08.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101265833 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1860-7314 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18606768 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biotechnol J Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*chemistry , Butyrylcholinesterase/*metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/*chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/*metabolism, Butyrylcholinesterase/genetics ; Butyrylthiocholine/analysis ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Nicotiana/genetics ; Nicotiana/metabolism

New Insights into Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay: Serum Dilution Factor as a Crucial Parameter.

Autoren: Jońca J Żuk M Wasąg B et al.

Quelle: PloS one [PLoS One] 2015 Oct 07; Vol. 10 (10), pp. e0139480. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Oct 07 (Print Publication: 2015).

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Biological Assay/*methods , Butyrylcholinesterase/*blood , Butyrylcholinesterase/*chemistry, Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Humans ; Indicator Dilution Techniques ; Pesticides/chemistry

Adaptation of a dynamic in vitro model with real-time determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity in the presence of cyclosarin and an oxime.

Autoren: Worek F Horn G Wille T et al.

Quelle: Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA [Toxicol In Vitro] 2015 Feb; Vol. 29 (1), pp. 162-7.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8712158 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-3177 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08872333 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol In Vitro Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*metabolism , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology , Cholinesterase Reactivators/*pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/*pharmacology , Pyridinium Compounds/*pharmacology, Butyrylcholinesterase/drug effects ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Perfusion

Substrate selectivity of high-activity mutants of human butyrylcholinesterase.

Autoren: Hou S Xue L Yang W et al.

Quelle: Organic & biomolecular chemistry [Org Biomol Chem] 2013 Nov 21; Vol. 11 (43), pp. 7477-85.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101154995 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1477-0539 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14770520 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Org Biomol Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Butyrylcholinesterase/*genetics , Butyrylcholinesterase/*metabolism, Acetylcholine/chemistry ; Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Acetylthiocholine/chemistry ; Acetylthiocholine/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Butyrylcholinesterase/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Cocaine/chemistry ; Cocaine/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Substrate Specificity

Molecular and kinetic properties of two acetylcholinesterases from the western honey bee, Apis mellifera.

Autoren: Kim YH Cha DJ Jung JW et al.

Quelle: PloS one [PLoS One] 2012; Vol. 7 (11), pp. e48838. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Nov 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Acetylcholinesterase/*chemistry , Bees/*enzymology , Insect Proteins/*chemistry, Acetylcholinesterase/genetics ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Acetylthiocholine/chemistry ; Acetylthiocholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Butyrylthiocholine/chemistry ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Carbamates/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Proteins/metabolism ; Insecticides/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Organophosphates/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology

Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis for the evaluation of interspecies variation in cholinesterase metabolism.

Autoren: Moura J Simplício AL

Quelle: Electrophoresis [Electrophoresis] 2010 Jul; Vol. 31 (14), pp. 2374-6.

Publikationsart: Evaluation Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley-VCH Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8204476 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1522-2683 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01730835 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Electrophoresis Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cholinesterases/*metabolism , Electrophoresis, Capillary/*methods, Acetylthiocholine/blood ; Acetylthiocholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Butyrylthiocholine/blood ; Butyrylthiocholine/metabolism ; Cats ; Cattle ; Cholinesterases/blood ; Dogs ; Electrophoresis, Capillary/economics ; Horses ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Rats ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sheep