Suchergebnisse - "Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase"

The role of parasite-produced dopamine in Toxoplasma gondii-altered host behaviour.

Autoren: Calvo-Urbano B Kaushik M Cheng AC et al.

Quelle: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2025 Dec 05; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 10906. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 05.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Toxoplasma*/genetics , Toxoplasma*/metabolism , Toxoplasma*/enzymology , Toxoplasma*/pathogenicity , Dopamine*/metabolism , Behavior, Animal*/physiology , Host-Parasite Interactions*/physiology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Toxoplasmosis*/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal*/parasitology, Animals ; Rats ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Female

Functional characterization of a tyrosine hydroxylase in Diaphorina citri and utilization of star polycation nanoparticle-wrapped dsRNA for pest control.

Autoren: Yuan XF Wang AY Kang WF et al.

Quelle: Pest management science [Pest Manag Sci] 2025 Dec; Vol. 81 (12), pp. 7699-7709. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 23.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Published for SCI by Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100898744 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-4998 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1526498X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pest Manag Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: RNA, Double-Stranded* , Hemiptera*/genetics , Hemiptera*/enzymology , Hemiptera*/growth & development , Insect Control*/methods , Insect Proteins*/genetics , Insect Proteins*/metabolism , Insect Proteins*/chemistry , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/chemistry, Animals ; RNA Interference ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Molting ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Nymph/growth & development ; Nymph/genetics

SCR Organism: Diaphorina citri

Molecular and functional identification of tyrosine hydroxylase in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Autoren: Zhu X Jiang L Gong X et al.

Quelle: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics [Arch Biochem Biophys] 2025 Dec; Vol. 774, pp. 110626. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 26.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372430 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0384 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00039861 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Biochem Biophys Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Aedes*/enzymology , Aedes*/genetics , Aedes*/growth & development , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/chemistry , Insect Proteins*/genetics , Insect Proteins*/metabolism , Mosquito Vectors*/enzymology , Mosquito Vectors*/genetics, Animals ; Larva/enzymology ; RNA Interference ; Yellow Fever/transmission

Consensus Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Deficiency.

Autoren: Bondarenko MS Hübschmann OK Kulhánek J et al.

Körperschaften: Bondarenko MS Hübschmann OK Kulhánek J et al.

Quelle: Journal of inherited metabolic disease [J Inherit Metab Dis] 2025 Nov; Vol. 48 (6), pp. e70106.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Practice Guideline

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7910918 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2665 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418955 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Inherit Metab Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Dystonic Disorders*/diagnosis , Dystonic Disorders*/drug therapy , Dystonic Disorders*/therapy , Dystonic Disorders*/congenital , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/deficiency , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics, Humans ; Consensus ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Systematic Reviews as Topic

SCR Disease Name: Segawa syndrome, autosomal recessive

Activation and Hydroxylation Mechanism of Aromatic C-H and C-F of 3-Fluoro-l-tyrosine Catalyzed by the Heme-Dependent Tyrosine Hydroxylase.

Autoren: Wang Y Liu Y

Quelle: Journal of chemical information and modeling [J Chem Inf Model] 2025 Oct 13; Vol. 65 (19), pp. 10646-10657. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 27.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101230060 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1549-960X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15499596 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Chem Inf Model Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Tyrosine*/analogs & derivatives , Tyrosine*/metabolism , Tyrosine*/chemistry , Heme*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/chemistry , Biocatalysis* , Carbon*/chemistry, Hydroxylation ; Models, Molecular ; Quantum Theory

Over-excitation of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus drives a neuroimmune positive feedback loop in rheumatoid arthritis.

Autoren: Li H Yu H Zhao X et al.

Quelle: Journal of neuroimmunology [J Neuroimmunol] 2025 Dec 15; Vol. 409, pp. 578773. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 06.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8109498 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-8421 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01655728 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neuroimmunol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus*/immunology , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus*/enzymology , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Neurons*/immunology , Neurons*/metabolism , Neurons*/enzymology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid*/immunology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid*/metabolism , Arthritis, Experimental*/immunology , Arthritis, Experimental*/metabolism , Feedback, Physiological*/physiology , Neuroimmunomodulation*/physiology, Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Exposure to electronic cigarette vapor exacerbates ischemic loss of tryptophan/tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the rat brain.

Autoren: Sanchez VA Pradhyumnan H Diaz IC et al.

Quelle: Experimental neurology [Exp Neurol] 2025 Nov; Vol. 393, pp. 115416. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370712 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2430 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00144886 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Exp Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tryptophan Hydroxylase*/metabolism , Neurons*/metabolism , Neurons*/drug effects , Neurons*/pathology , Brain*/pathology , Brain*/metabolism , Brain*/drug effects , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems* , Brain Ischemia*/pathology , Brain Ischemia*/metabolism, Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Male ; Female

Impact of cold exposure duration and intensity on hippocampal tyrosine hydroxylase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and mitochondrial markers in mice.

Autoren: Dzik KP Majkutewicz I Kołodziej M et al.

Quelle: Experimental neurology [Exp Neurol] 2025 Nov; Vol. 393, pp. 115407. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 05.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370712 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2430 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00144886 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Exp Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor*/metabolism , Hippocampus*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Cold Temperature*/adverse effects , Mitochondria*/metabolism, Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Corticosterone/blood ; Time Factors ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

RNA interference targeting tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase inhibits the reproduction and survival in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus: A promising strategy for pest control.

Autoren: Qian M Qian R Wu L et al.

Quelle: Pesticide biochemistry and physiology [Pestic Biochem Physiol] 2026 Jan; Vol. 216 (Pt 1), pp. 106763. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 17.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1301573 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00483575 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pestic Biochem Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Hemiptera*/physiology , Hemiptera*/genetics , Hemiptera*/enzymology , RNA Interference* , Dopa Decarboxylase*/genetics , Dopa Decarboxylase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism, Animals ; Reproduction/genetics ; Female ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Proteins/metabolism ; Nymph ; Oviposition

Impact of Cesarean Delivery on Reward Behavior and Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Nucleus Accumbens of Adult Prairie Vole Offspring.

Autoren: Rogers K Kiernan E Partie M et al.

Quelle: Developmental psychobiology [Dev Psychobiol] 2026 Jan; Vol. 68 (1), pp. e70109.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley Interscience Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0164074 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-2302 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00121630 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dev Psychobiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Nucleus Accumbens*/metabolism , Nucleus Accumbens*/enzymology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Reward* , Cesarean Section*/adverse effects , Conditioning, Operant*/physiology , Behavior, Animal*/physiology, Animals ; Female ; Arvicolinae ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Motivation/physiology

Biomimetic Nanoregulators Mediated Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA and Stimulator of Interferon Genes Antagonist Codelivery for Synergistic Therapy on Parkinson's Disease.

Autoren: Yang L Li S Hou C et al.

Quelle: ACS nano [ACS Nano] 2025 Sep 30; Vol. 19 (38), pp. 33734-33748. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 15.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101313589 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-086X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19360851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: ACS Nano Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Parkinson Disease*/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease*/metabolism , Parkinson Disease*/therapy , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , RNA, Messenger*/genetics , RNA, Messenger*/metabolism , Biomimetic Materials*/chemistry , Biomimetic Materials*/pharmacology , Nanoparticles*/chemistry, Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects ; Dopamine

Sympathetic Biomarker Dynamics Post-Myocardial Infarction: TH, PGP9.5, and SYN Expression Discordance in Murine Hearts.

Autoren: Yu T Pei B Zhao D

Quelle: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2025 Sep 27; Vol. 26 (19). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 27.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Myocardial Infarction*/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction*/pathology , Myocardial Infarction*/genetics , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase*/metabolism , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Synaptophysin*/metabolism , Synaptophysin*/genetics , Sympathetic Nervous System*/metabolism , Myocardium*/metabolism , Myocardium*/pathology, Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal

Dopa-responsive dystonia and phenotypes associated with TH gene variants: a systematic review and Mexican case series.

Autoren: Lopez-Urias CU Monroy-Jaramillo N Barreda Fierro R et al.

Quelle: Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology [Neurol Sci] 2025 Sep; Vol. 46 (9), pp. 4181-4192. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 29.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Systematic Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Italia Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 100959175 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1590-3478 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15901874 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Dystonic Disorders*/genetics , Dystonic Disorders*/drug therapy , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/deficiency, Humans ; Mexico ; Phenotype ; Mutation ; Male ; Female

SCR Disease Name: Dystonia, Dopa-responsive

The tyrosine hydroxylase regulates organs development via affecting hormones level in Gryllus bimaculatus.

Autoren: Bai Y Gao BJ Shi XY et al.

Quelle: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2025 Aug; Vol. 319 (Pt 2), pp. 145159. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 11.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Juvenile Hormones*/metabolism, Animals ; Mutation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation

Enhanced catalytic stability for L-Dopa synthesis through cross-linking of Al₂O₃ nanocrystals with Bacillus subtilis tyrosine hydroxylase.

Autoren: Batool A Ali S Rashid A et al.

Quelle: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology [World J Microbiol Biotechnol] 2025 Jul 28; Vol. 41 (8), pp. 282. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 28.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9012472 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-0972 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09593993 NLM ISO Abbreviation: World J Microbiol Biotechnol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Bacillus subtilis*/enzymology , Levodopa*/biosynthesis , Aluminum Oxide*/chemistry , Aluminum Oxide*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/chemistry , Nanoparticles*/chemistry, Enzyme Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Kinetics ; Biocatalysis ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry

Haploinsufficiency of the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene in the Inbred C57BL/6J Strain Alters Behavior, Immunity, and Oxidative Stress, Especially After Acute Stress.

Autoren: Félix J Garrido A De la Fuente M

Quelle: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2025 Sep 10; Vol. 26 (18). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 10.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/genetics , Oxidative Stress*/genetics , Haploinsufficiency* , Behavior, Animal* , Stress, Psychological*/genetics , Stress, Psychological*/immunology , Stress, Physiological*/genetics, Animals ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Male ; Female ; Catecholamines/metabolism

Activation of Locus Coeruleus-Hippocampus Tyrosine Hydroxylase Projection Contributes to the Surgical Incision Pain-Induced Memory Consolidation Enhancement in Mice.

Autoren: Qing X Liu J Feng Y et al.

Quelle: CNS neuroscience & therapeutics [CNS Neurosci Ther] 2025 Sep; Vol. 31 (9), pp. e70570.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101473265 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1755-5949 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17555930 NLM ISO Abbreviation: CNS Neurosci Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Memory Consolidation*/physiology , Locus Coeruleus*/metabolism , Hippocampus*/metabolism , Hippocampus*/enzymology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Pain, Postoperative*/psychology, Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Recognition, Psychology/physiology ; Neural Pathways

Mechanism of Tourette Syndrome Induced by ABGA-Mediated CaMKII-TH Pathway.

Autoren: Wu X Hao J Jiang K et al.

Quelle: The journal of gene medicine [J Gene Med] 2025 Sep; Vol. 27 (9), pp. e70043.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9815764 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-2254 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1099498X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Gene Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2*/metabolism , Tourette Syndrome*/etiology , Tourette Syndrome*/metabolism , Tourette Syndrome*/immunology , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Basal Ganglia*/immunology, Humans ; Animals ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Rats

Sorghum bicolor supplement attenuates rotenone-induced behavioral derangements in rats through neuroprotective mechanisms and modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein/NF-kB immunopositive cells expressions.

Autoren: Annafi OS Adeleke PA Enebeli L et al.

Quelle: Journal of molecular histology [J Mol Histol] 2025 Aug 06; Vol. 56 (4), pp. 254. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 06.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Netherlands Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101193653 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1567-2387 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15672379 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Mol Histol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Rotenone*/toxicity , alpha-Synuclein*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , NF-kappa B*/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents*/pharmacology , Sorghum*/chemistry , Behavior, Animal*/drug effects , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Dietary Supplements*, Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/pathology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects ; Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism

Increased tyrosine hydroxylase abundance in the ventral tegmental area after taste-immune associative learning with saccharin or sucrose in rats.

Autoren: Schmidt J Lückemann L Schedlowski M et al.

Quelle: Behavioural brain research [Behav Brain Res] 2025 Aug 05; Vol. 491, pp. 115646. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 18.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8004872 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7549 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01664328 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Behav Brain Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ventral Tegmental Area*/drug effects , Ventral Tegmental Area*/enzymology , Ventral Tegmental Area*/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase*/metabolism , Saccharin*/administration & dosage , Saccharin*/pharmacology , Sucrose*/pharmacology , Sucrose*/administration & dosage , Association Learning*/physiology , Association Learning*/drug effects , Conditioning, Classical*/physiology , Conditioning, Classical*/drug effects , Taste*/physiology , Taste*/drug effects, Animals ; Male ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology ; Rats ; Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism