Výsledky vyhľadávania - "Rotator Cuff Injuries"

Factors associated with failed conservative treatment in patients with degenerative full-thickness supraspinatus tears : a prospective cohort study.

Autori: Martinez-Catalan N Gabardo-Calvo S Valencia M a ďalší

Zdroj: The bone & joint journal [Bone Joint J] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 107-B (12), pp. 1295-1300. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 01.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101599229 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2049-4408 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20494394 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bone Joint J Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/therapy , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Conservative Treatment*/methods, Humans ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Treatment Failure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pain Measurement ; Follow-Up Studies

Methodological Considerations for Proprioceptive Training in Rotator-Cuff Related Shoulder Pain: Response to "Proprioceptive Exercises Combined With Strengthening Exercises Are Not Superior to Strengthening Exercises Alone for Shoulder Pain and Disability in Individuals With Chronic Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial".

Autori: Luo W Xiao F Ao Y a ďalší

Zdroj: The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy [J Orthop Sports Phys Ther] 2025 Dec; Vol. 55 (12), pp. 1-2.

Spôsob vydávania: Letter

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Williams And Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7908150 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-1344 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01906011 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Orthop Sports Phys Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Shoulder Pain*/therapy , Shoulder Pain*/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy*/methods , Resistance Training*/methods , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/rehabilitation , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/therapy , Proprioception* , Chronic Pain*/therapy, Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Rotator Cuff Imaging Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Shoulders: A Systematic Review.

Autori: Sanders S Ibounig T Haas R a ďalší

Zdroj: The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy [J Orthop Sports Phys Ther] 2025 Dec; Vol. 55 (12), pp. 1-16.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Williams And Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7908150 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-1344 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01906011 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Orthop Sports Phys Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/epidemiology , Tendinopathy*/diagnostic imaging , Tendinopathy*/epidemiology , Rotator Cuff*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Prevalence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging ; Calcinosis/epidemiology

Compensatory Activation of Periscapular Muscles Aids Active Abduction in Patients With Massive Rotator Cuff Tears.

Autori: Chuang HC Chiu NT Liu ZW a ďalší

Zdroj: Clinical orthopaedics and related research [Clin Orthop Relat Res] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 483 (12), pp. 2295-2305. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 28.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0075674 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1528-1132 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0009921X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Orthop Relat Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/physiopathology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/rehabilitation , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Muscle, Skeletal*/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal*/diagnostic imaging , Rotator Cuff*/physiopathology , Rotator Cuff*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recovery of Function ; Shoulder Pain/physiopathology ; Muscular Atrophy/physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Is synchronous telerehabilitation effective in the treatment of rotator cuff tears? - a randomized controlled trial.

Autori: Zirek E Analay Akbaba Y Guven MF

Zdroj: Physiotherapy theory and practice [Physiother Theory Pract] 2025 Dec; Vol. 41 (12), pp. 2501-2512. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 02.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9015520 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-5040 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09593985 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Physiother Theory Pract Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/rehabilitation , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/physiopathology , Telerehabilitation* , Shoulder Pain*/rehabilitation , Shoulder Pain*/physiopathology, Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Pain Measurement ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Patient Satisfaction ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Recovery of Function

Fenofibrate Attenuates Rotator Cuff Muscle Fatty Infiltration via Modulation of the PPARα-FABP4 Pathway.

Autori: Park SJ Lee YS Yoon JP a ďalší

Zdroj: The American journal of sports medicine [Am J Sports Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 53 (14), pp. 3474-3482. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 22.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7609541 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1552-3365 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03635465 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Sports Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Fenofibrate*/pharmacology , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins*/metabolism , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins*/genetics , PPAR alpha*/metabolism , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/drug therapy , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/metabolism , Hypolipidemic Agents*/pharmacology , Rotator Cuff*/metabolism , Rotator Cuff*/drug effects, Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Disease Models, Animal

Kappa Delta Elizabeth Winston Lanier Award: Understanding the Role of Fibroadipoprogenitor Cells in Rotator Cuff Disease.

Autori: Feeley BT Davies M Garcia S a ďalší

Zdroj: The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons [J Am Acad Orthop Surg] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 33 (23), pp. 1305-1316. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 24.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9417468 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-5480 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1067151X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Acad Orthop Surg Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/physiopathology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/pathology , Rotator Cuff* , Myoblasts*/physiology, Humans ; Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Muscular Atrophy/etiology ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal

Relationship between changes in neuromuscular factors and disability outcomes following a resistance exercise intervention in rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Autori: Vila-Dieguez O McPherson D Salem G a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology [J Electromyogr Kinesiol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 85, pp. 103075. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 18.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9109125 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5711 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10506411 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Resistance Training*/methods , Tendinopathy*/physiopathology , Tendinopathy*/rehabilitation , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/physiopathology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/rehabilitation , Rotator Cuff*/physiopathology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Disability Evaluation ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures

A massive rotator cuff tear in association with a posterior dislocation of the long head biceps tendon: a review of the literature on posterior long head biceps tendon dislocation.

Autori: Kauffman TJ Campbell JE

Zdroj: Skeletal radiology [Skeletal Radiol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 54 (12), pp. 2823-2827. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 09.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Case Reports; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7701953 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-2161 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03642348 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Skeletal Radiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging*/methods , Shoulder Dislocation*/surgery , Shoulder Dislocation*/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Dislocation*/complications , Tendon Injuries*/surgery , Tendon Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Tendon Injuries*/complications, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Tenodesis

Cost drivers and delays in recovery following rotator cuff repair: insights from a national claims database.

Autori: Pill S Beckley SJ Karim M a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 1709-1720. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 01.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/economics, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Insurance Claim Review/statistics & numerical data ; Postoperative Complications/economics ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Aged ; Time Factors ; Adult ; Databases, Factual ; United States ; Comorbidity ; Retrospective Studies ; Patient Readmission/economics ; Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data

The evolving efficacy landscape of intra-articular injections for rotator cuff injuries over time: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

Autori: Wu M Yan C Xu Y a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research [J Orthop Surg Res] 2025 Nov 26; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 1038. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 26.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101265112 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1749-799X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1749799X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Orthop Surg Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/therapy , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones*/administration & dosage , Hyaluronic Acid*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Prolotherapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Time Factors

Corticosteroid injection combined with a shoulder rehabilitation system for chronic rotator cuff injuries: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Autori: He Z Xu J

Zdroj: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2025 Nov 21; Vol. 15 (11), pp. e101474. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 21.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Clinical Trial Protocol

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/rehabilitation , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/drug therapy , Exercise Therapy*/methods , Adrenal Cortex Hormones*/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Chronic Disease ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Male ; Female ; Shoulder Joint/physiopathology

Lifestyle factors and rotator cuff injury: A Mendelian randomization analysis of smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption.

Autori: Li C Yin J Zhou Y a ďalší

Zdroj: Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)] 2025 Nov 14; Vol. 104 (46), pp. e46051.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985248R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-5964 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00257974 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicine (Baltimore) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Coffee*/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking*/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking*/epidemiology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/genetics , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/epidemiology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/etiology , Smoking*/epidemiology , Smoking*/adverse effects , Life Style*, Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Incidence

RNA-sequencing-based elucidation of the mechanism underlying aFGF mediated regulation of BMSCs via the PI3K-AKT pathway and its implications for rotator cuff injury repair.

Autori: Liu H Jiang Z Guo X a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research [J Orthop Surg Res] 2025 Nov 14; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 997. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 14.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101265112 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1749-799X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1749799X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Orthop Surg Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/physiology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt*/metabolism , Signal Transduction*/genetics , Signal Transduction*/physiology , Signal Transduction*/drug effects , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/genetics , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/metabolism , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases*/metabolism , Fibroblast Growth Factor 1*/pharmacology, Animals ; Rabbits ; Osteogenesis/genetics ; Wound Healing ; Cell Differentiation ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Cell Proliferation

Rotator cuff injury and myocardial infarction: Findings of NHANES 2011 to 2018 and Mendelian randomization study.

Autori: Wang Z Dang J Xu L a ďalší

Zdroj: Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)] 2025 Nov 07; Vol. 104 (45), pp. e45840.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985248R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-5964 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00257974 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicine (Baltimore) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Myocardial Infarction*/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction*/genetics , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/epidemiology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/genetics , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/complications, Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; United States/epidemiology

Superior capsule reconstruction using 8mm-thick fresh-frozen fascia lata graft for irreparable supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears: A cadaveric biomechanical study.

Autori: Mihata T Chalmers CE Carbone J a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association [J Orthop Sci] 2025 Nov; Vol. 30 (6), pp. 1053-1058. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 12.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Japan NLM ID: 9604934 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1436-2023 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09492658 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Orthop Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Fascia Lata*/transplantation , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/physiopathology , Joint Capsule*/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures*/methods, Humans ; Cadaver ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Male ; Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Joint/surgery ; Shoulder Joint/physiopathology ; Aged, 80 and over

Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer Improves Range of Motion, Functional Outcomes, and Pain for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review.

Autori: Lauck BJ Reynolds AW van der List JP a ďalší

Zdroj: Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association [Arthroscopy] 2025 Nov; Vol. 41 (11), pp. 4818-4825.e4. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 09.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: W.B. Saunders Co Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8506498 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-3231 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07498063 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arthroscopy Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/physiopathology , Range of Motion, Articular* , Tendon Transfer*/methods , Superficial Back Muscles*/transplantation , Superficial Back Muscles*/surgery, Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Pain Measurement

Early failure of superior capsule reconstruction with human dermal allograft (Epiflex) in patients with massive rotator cuff tears: a clinical and radiological analysis.

Autori: Halm-Pozniak A Einhorn S Berger K a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery [J Shoulder Elbow Surg] 2025 Nov; Vol. 34 (11), pp. e1026-e1034. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 20.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9206499 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-6500 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10582746 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Shoulder Elbow Surg Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Rotator Cuff Injuries*/surgery , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Joint Capsule*/surgery , Joint Capsule*/diagnostic imaging , Plastic Surgery Procedures*/methods , Skin Transplantation*/methods, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Aged ; Arthroscopy/methods ; Allografts ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Failure ; Follow-Up Studies

The effect of painful exercise on ultrasonographic outcomes in rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Autori: Cavaggion C Navarro-Ledesma S Juul-Kristensen B a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation [J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil] 2025 Nov; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 1379-1388. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 14.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: SAGE Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9201340 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-6324 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10538127 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Shoulder Pain*/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Pain*/rehabilitation , Shoulder Pain*/therapy , Exercise Therapy*/methods , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/diagnostic imaging , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/complications , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/rehabilitation, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Ultrasonography ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Rotator Cuff/diagnostic imaging ; Treatment Outcome ; Pain Measurement

Increased Risk of Rotator Cuff Tear in U.S. Army Soldiers With a History of Prior Shoulder Impingement Syndrome.

Autori: Kusumpa S Taylor KM Judkins JL

Zdroj: American journal of preventive medicine [Am J Prev Med] 2025 Nov; Vol. 69 (5), pp. 108030. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8704773 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2607 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07493797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Prev Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome*/epidemiology , Shoulder Impingement Syndrome*/complications , Military Personnel*/statistics & numerical data , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/epidemiology , Rotator Cuff Injuries*/etiology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult