Search Results - "Receptors, Pattern Recognition"

Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors: Emerging players in plant-oomycete interactions.

Authors: Sun B Zhang C Wang T et al.

Source: Current opinion in plant biology [Curr Opin Plant Biol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 88, pp. 102819. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 28.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Current Biology Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100883395 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0356 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13695266 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Plant Biol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Oomycetes*/physiology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Plant Immunity* , Host-Pathogen Interactions* , Plant Diseases*/microbiology , Plant Diseases*/immunology, Arabidopsis/immunology ; Arabidopsis/microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics

Sensing of Ebinur Lake virus by distinct pattern recognition receptors dictates cell-type specific innate immunity and pathogenesis.

Authors: Zou J-P Wang S-Y Xia H et al.

Source: Journal of virology [J Virol] 2025 Oct 23; Vol. 99 (10), pp. e0075025. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 15.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Society For Microbiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0113724 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-5514 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0022538X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Virol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Immunity, Innate* , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics, Humans ; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics ; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/metabolism ; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/immunology ; Animals ; DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics ; DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism ; DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology ; HEK293 Cells ; Mice ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Interferon Type I/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA, Viral/immunology ; A549 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic

Orchestration of plant PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity: Protein kinases and beyond.

Authors: Yan Y Liu G Shen Q et al.

Source: Molecular cell [Mol Cell] 2025 Oct 16; Vol. 85 (20), pp. 3840-3852.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9802571 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-4164 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10972765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Cell Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Plant Immunity* , NLR Proteins*/immunology , NLR Proteins*/metabolism , NLR Proteins*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Protein Kinases*/metabolism , Protein Kinases*/immunology , Protein Kinases*/genetics , Plants*/immunology , Plants*/enzymology , Plant Proteins*/metabolism , Plant Proteins*/immunology , Plant Proteins*/genetics, Signal Transduction ; Plant Diseases/immunology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Phosphorylation

Nucleic acid-protein condensates in innate immunity.

Authors: Loucas G Locker N Parker R

Source: Molecular cell [Mol Cell] 2025 Oct 16; Vol. 85 (20), pp. 3823-3839.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9802571 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-4164 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10972765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Cell Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Immunity, Innate* , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Nucleic Acids*/immunology , DNA*/immunology , DNA*/metabolism , Biomolecular Condensates*/immunology , Biomolecular Condensates*/metabolism, Humans ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/immunology ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics ; RNA/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions

Fungal resistance in rice is restored by interfamily transfer of an evolutionarily lost co-receptor.

Authors: Zhang Q Zheng W Huang H et al.

Source: Cell host & microbe [Cell Host Microbe] 2025 Oct 08; Vol. 33 (10), pp. 1779-1795.e7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 17.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101302316 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1934-6069 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19313128 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Host Microbe Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Oryza*/immunology , Oryza*/microbiology , Oryza*/genetics , Plant Diseases*/microbiology , Plant Diseases*/immunology , Disease Resistance* , Plant Proteins*/genetics , Plant Proteins*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology, Nicotiana/immunology ; Nicotiana/microbiology ; Nicotiana/genetics ; Plant Immunity

Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors: lessons from LAIR1.

Authors: Pascoal Ramos MI van der Vlist M Meyaard L

Source: Nature reviews. Immunology [Nat Rev Immunol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 25 (10), pp. 711-724. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 27.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101124169 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-1741 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14741733 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Rev Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Receptors, Immunologic*/immunology , Receptors, Immunologic*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism, Humans ; Animals ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Homeostasis/immunology

A novel C1q domain-containing protein from Tridacna crocea exhibits dual functionality in symbiont recognition and immune defense.

Authors: Yi W Tang Y Kawsar MA et al.

Source: Fish & shellfish immunology [Fish Shellfish Immunol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 165, pp. 110509. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 20.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9505220 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9947 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10504648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Fish Shellfish Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Immunity, Innate*/genetics , Symbiosis* , Bivalvia*/immunology , Bivalvia*/genetics , Complement C1q*/genetics , Complement C1q*/immunology , Complement C1q*/chemistry , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation*/immunology, Animals ; Phylogeny ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; Sequence Alignment ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Base Sequence

MicroRNAs as Key Modulators of Intestinal Barrier Function: Pattern Recognition Receptors, Epithelial Junctional Complexes, and Therapeutic Approaches.

Authors: Sevim R Erhan S Matur E

Source: Digestive diseases and sciences [Dig Dis Sci] 2025 Oct; Vol. 70 (10), pp. 3206-3228. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 21.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Science + Business Media Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7902782 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2568 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01632116 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dig Dis Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: MicroRNAs*/metabolism , MicroRNAs*/genetics , Intestinal Mucosa*/metabolism , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases*/metabolism , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases*/genetics , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases*/therapy , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism, Humans ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Tight Junctions/metabolism ; Intestinal Barrier Function

Mucosal tissue specificity of PAMP-related PRR gene expression in Scophthalmus maximus under different modes of Vibrio anguillarum stimulation.

Authors: Gou D Sun Z Wang X et al.

Source: Fish & shellfish immunology [Fish Shellfish Immunol] 2026 Jan; Vol. 168, pp. 110945. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 16.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9505220 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9947 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10504648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Fish Shellfish Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Fish Diseases*/immunology , Fish Diseases*/microbiology , Fish Diseases*/genetics , Flatfishes*/immunology , Flatfishes*/genetics , Vibrio Infections*/immunology , Vibrio Infections*/veterinary , Vibrio Infections*/genetics , Vibrio Infections*/microbiology , Fish Proteins*/genetics , Fish Proteins*/immunology , Fish Proteins*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Immunity, Innate*/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation*/immunology , Immunity, Mucosal*/genetics, Animals ; Vibrio/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules/immunology ; Mucous Membrane/immunology ; Organ Specificity

SCR Organism: Vibrio anguillarum

Early events in dengue virus infection inducing cytokine storm: The dynamic interplay of pattern-recognition receptors, inflammasome activation, and biphasic NF-κB and STAT1-dependent inflammatory responses in human mononuclear phagocytes.

Authors: Valdés-López JF Tamayo-Molina YS Fernandez GJ et al.

Source: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2025 Sep 11; Vol. 19 (9), pp. e0013366. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 11 (Print Publication: 2025).

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101291488 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-2735 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19352727 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Dengue*/immunology , Dengue*/virology , STAT1 Transcription Factor*/genetics , STAT1 Transcription Factor*/metabolism , STAT1 Transcription Factor*/immunology , Dengue Virus*/immunology , Dengue Virus*/physiology , NF-kappa B*/metabolism , NF-kappa B*/immunology , NF-kappa B*/genetics , Inflammasomes*/immunology , Inflammasomes*/metabolism , Inflammasomes*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Cytokine Release Syndrome*/immunology , Cytokine Release Syndrome*/virology , Phagocytes*/virology , Phagocytes*/immunology, Humans ; Virus Replication ; Macrophages/virology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/virology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Monocytes/virology ; Monocytes/immunology

Systematic discovery and engineering of synthetic immune receptors in plants.

Authors: Ngou BPM Wyler M Schmid MW et al.

Source: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2025 Sep 04; Vol. 389 (6764), pp. eadx2508. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 04.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Magnoliopsida*/genetics , Magnoliopsida*/immunology , Magnoliopsida*/microbiology , Plant Proteins*/chemistry , Plant Proteins*/classification , Plant Proteins*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/chemistry , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/classification , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*/chemistry , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*/classification , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*/genetics , Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins*/chemistry , Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins*/classification , Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins*/genetics , Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides*/chemistry , Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides*/classification , Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides*/genetics , Bacterial Proteins*/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins*/classification , Bacterial Proteins*/genetics , Fungal Proteins*/chemistry , Fungal Proteins*/classification , Fungal Proteins*/genetics, Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/immunology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Immunity/genetics ; Protein Engineering ; Synthetic Biology ; Computational Biology

Sensing danger in the islet: the roles of pattern recognition receptors in β cells and type 1 diabetes.

Authors: Tong L Tu Y Huang S et al.

Source: Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2025 Sep 03; Vol. 16, pp. 1677177. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 03 (Print Publication: 2025).

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Insulin-Secreting Cells*/immunology , Insulin-Secreting Cells*/metabolism, Humans ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Immunity, Innate

Large-scale pairing identifies a soybean phytocytokine-receptor module conferring disease resistance.

Authors: Yu L Gao Y Yang Q et al.

Source: Nature plants [Nat Plants] 2025 Sep; Vol. 11 (9), pp. 1739-1747. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 19.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101651677 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2055-0278 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20550278 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Plants Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Glycine max*/genetics , Glycine max*/immunology , Glycine max*/metabolism , Disease Resistance*/genetics , Plant Diseases*/immunology , Plant Diseases*/microbiology , Plant Proteins*/metabolism , Plant Proteins*/genetics , Peptide Hormones*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics

Study on differentially expressed genes and pattern recognition receptors in osteoporosis based on bioinformatics analysis.

Authors: Mao S Wang Y Gu M et al.

Source: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2025 Aug 25; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 31287. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 25.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Osteoporosis*/genetics , Osteoporosis*/metabolism , Computational Biology*/methods , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation*, Humans ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Protein Interaction Maps/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Databases, Genetic ; Gene Ontology ; MicroRNAs/genetics

Pattern recognition receptor-associated immuno-thrombotic transcript changes in platelets and leukocytes with COVID19.

Authors: Learnard H Core J Corkrey H et al.

Source: PLoS pathogens [PLoS Pathog] 2025 Aug 18; Vol. 21 (8), pp. e1013413. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 18 (Print Publication: 2025).

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101238921 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1553-7374 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15537366 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Pathog Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: COVID-19*/immunology , COVID-19*/genetics , COVID-19*/complications , Blood Platelets*/metabolism , Blood Platelets*/immunology , Thrombosis*/immunology , Thrombosis*/genetics , Leukocytes*/immunology , Leukocytes*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism, Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult

ZBP1 synchronized with periodontopathogenesis as the essential pattern recognition receptor.

Authors: Chen Y You Y Xie Y et al.

Source: Microbial pathogenesis [Microb Pathog] 2025 Aug; Vol. 205, pp. 107678. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 10.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8606191 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-1208 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08824010 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Microb Pathog Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Periodontitis*/metabolism , Periodontitis*/pathology , Periodontitis*/genetics , Periodontitis*/microbiology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins*/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins*/genetics , RNA-Binding Proteins*/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins*/genetics, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Proteomics ; Gingiva/metabolism ; Gingiva/pathology ; Immunohistochemistry

Pattern recognition receptors and inflammasome: Now and beyond.

Authors: Oh S Choi YK Lee S

Source: Molecules and cells [Mol Cells] 2025 Aug; Vol. 48 (8), pp. 100239. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 15.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9610936 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0219-1032 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10168478 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Cells Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Inflammasomes*/metabolism , Inflammasomes*/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/immunology, Humans ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/immunology

Effects of dietary Leucine supplementation on intestinal development and gene expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in broilers.

Authors: Pan X He J Hamada O et al.

Source: Poultry science [Poult Sci] 2025 Aug; Vol. 104 (8), pp. 105266. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 05.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401150 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1525-3171 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00325791 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Poult Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Chickens*/growth & development , Chickens*/genetics , Chickens*/physiology , Chickens*/immunology , Leucine*/administration & dosage , Leucine*/metabolism , Intestines*/growth & development , Intestines*/drug effects , Avian Proteins*/metabolism , Avian Proteins*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Gene Expression*/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation*/drug effects, Animals ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Diet/veterinary ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Random Allocation ; Male

CgC1qBP functions as a PRR to regulate the mRNA expressions of cytokines in oysters.

Authors: Yang W Shan W Tang J et al.

Source: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2025 Aug; Vol. 320 (Pt 3), pp. 145993. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 13.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: RNA, Messenger*/genetics , RNA, Messenger*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Cytokines*/genetics , Cytokines*/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation* , Ostreidae*/genetics , Ostreidae*/microbiology , Ostreidae*/immunology , Crassostrea*/genetics , Crassostrea*/microbiology , Crassostrea*/immunology, Animals ; Hemocytes/metabolism ; Vibrio/immunology ; Protein Binding

SCR Organism: Vibrio splendidus

Reverse engineering of the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 reveals key design principles of broader recognition spectra against evading flg22 epitopes.

Authors: Zhang S Liu S Lai HF et al.

Source: Nature plants [Nat Plants] 2025 Aug; Vol. 11 (8), pp. 1642-1657. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 28.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101651677 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2055-0278 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20550278 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Plants Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Arabidopsis*/genetics , Arabidopsis*/immunology , Arabidopsis Proteins*/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins*/metabolism , Flagellin*/metabolism , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/genetics , Receptors, Pattern Recognition*/metabolism , Protein Kinases*/genetics , Protein Kinases*/metabolism , Epitopes*/immunology , Plant Diseases*/immunology , Plant Diseases*/microbiology, Disease Resistance/genetics