Výsledky vyhľadávania - "PARATHYROID glands"

AI-assisted precise identification and segmentation of parathyroid glands in multi-approach endoscopic and robotic thyroid surgeries.

Autori: Liu JY Zhang SC Ma Q a ďalší

Zdroj: European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology [Eur J Surg Oncol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 51 (12), pp. 110506. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 08.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8504356 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2157 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07487983 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Surg Oncol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Thyroidectomy*/methods , Robotic Surgical Procedures*/methods , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/anatomy & histology , Endoscopy*/methods , Artificial Intelligence* , Thyroid Neoplasms*/surgery, Humans

Impact of parathyroid gland classification on hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer.

Autori: Sheng Q Li W Zhang P a ďalší

Zdroj: Annals of medicine [Ann Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 57 (1), pp. 2476223. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 11.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8906388 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2060 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07853890 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Hypoparathyroidism*/etiology , Hypoparathyroidism*/epidemiology , Hypoparathyroidism*/diagnosis , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy*/methods , Thyroid Neoplasms*/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms*/pathology , Neck Dissection*/adverse effects , Neck Dissection*/methods , Parathyroid Glands*/pathology , Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Postoperative Complications*/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications*/etiology, Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Incidence ; Follow-Up Studies

[The single centre experience - from Recklinghausen to the present].

Autori: Mokrysheva NG Salimkhanov RK Eremkina AK a ďalší

Zdroj: Terapevticheskii arkhiv [Ter Arkh] 2025 Nov 11; Vol. 97 (10), pp. 890-898. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 11.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review; Historical Article; English Abstract

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: ZAO 'Konsilium Medikum Country of Publication: Russia (Federation) NLM ID: 2984818R Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0040-3660 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00403660 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ter Arkh Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Parathyroid Glands*/metabolism , Parathyroid Glands*/pathology , Parathyroid Glands*/physiopathology, Humans ; History, 20th Century ; Calcium/metabolism

Endoscopic laser speckle imaging enables real-time prediction of parathyroid function in thyroidectomy.

Autori: Cui Y Zou M Song B a ďalší

Zdroj: Lasers in medical science [Lasers Med Sci] 2025 Dec 03; Vol. 40 (1), pp. 508. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8611515 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-604X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02688921 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lasers Med Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Thyroidectomy*/methods , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/blood supply , Parathyroid Glands*/physiology , Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging*/methods , Endoscopy*/methods, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Calcium/blood ; Aged

[ ^99m Tc]Tc-Sestamibi/[ ^99m Tc]NaTcO 4 Subtraction SPECT of Parathyroid Glands Using Analysis of Principal Components.

Autori: Maříková I Balogová S Zogala D a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of nuclear medicine technology [J Nucl Med Technol] 2025 Dec 03; Vol. 53 (4), pp. 318-324. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Society of Nuclear Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0430303 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-5675 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00914916 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nucl Med Technol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi* , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*/methods , Principal Component Analysis* , Subtraction Technique* , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*/methods, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over

Radical Resection of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Elderly Patients: Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Immunocolloidal Gold Strip Method Combined with Nanocarbon Negative Imaging Tracing Technology for Parathyroid Gland Imaging.

Autori: Liu Y Zuo L Xin Y a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research [J Invest Surg] 2025 Dec; Vol. 38 (1), pp. 2447850. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 14.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-0553 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08941939 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Invest Surg Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Thyroid Neoplasms*/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms*/pathology , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy*/methods , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Postoperative Complications*/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications*/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications*/etiology , Postoperative Complications*/blood, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Gold ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Lymph Node Excision/adverse effects ; Neck Dissection/adverse effects ; Hypothyroidism/prevention & control ; Hypothyroidism/etiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Calcium/blood

Comparison of ¹⁸ F-Choline PET/CT and ^99m Tc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT in the Localization of Hyperactive Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Diagnostic Performance in Discordant Cases.

Autori: Kang S Cho H Kim E a ďalší

Zdroj: Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2025 Nov 13; Vol. 16, pp. 1677278. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 13 (Print Publication: 2025).

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101555782 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1664-2392 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16642392 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*/diagnostic imaging , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*/surgery , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi* , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography*/methods , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/pathology , Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography*/methods , Choline*/analogs & derivatives, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Parathyroidectomy ; Aged ; Radiopharmaceuticals

Identification of Parathyroid Glands Through Near-Infrared Autofluorescence During Thyroid Surgery: Retrospective Analysis of the Impact on Post-Operative Hypocalcemia Rate Reduction and Potential Improvement of Healthcare Expenditure.

Autori: Inversini D Zanchetta M Perego NE a ďalší

Zdroj: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) [Medicina (Kaunas)] 2025 Nov 05; Vol. 61 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 9425208 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1648-9144 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1010660X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicina (Kaunas) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Hypocalcemia*/prevention & control , Hypocalcemia*/etiology , Hypocalcemia*/epidemiology , Hypocalcemia*/economics , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications*/prevention & control , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy*/methods , Optical Imaging*/methods , Health Expenditures*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Adult ; Aged ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods

Diagnostic Reliability and Clinical Impact of [ ¹¹ C]Choline PET/CT for Detecting Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands.

Autori: Lazar A Matassa G Hammami DW a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine [J Nucl Med] 2025 Nov 03; Vol. 66 (11), pp. 1780-1786. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Society of Nuclear Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0217410 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-5667 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01615505 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nucl Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography* , Choline* , Carbon Radioisotopes* , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/physiopathology , Hyperparathyroidism*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Reproducibility of Results ; Aged

How I Do It: Thyroid and Parathyroid Thermal Ablation.

Autori: Li J Zheng L Dou J a ďalší

Zdroj: Radiology [Radiology] 2025 Nov; Vol. 317 (2), pp. e243271.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Radiological Society of North America Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401260 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1527-1315 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00338419 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Radiology Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Ablation Techniques*/methods , Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Gland*/surgery , Thyroid Gland*/diagnostic imaging, Humans

Correlation between parathyroid volume and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in maintenance hemodialysis patients based on Doppler ultrasound technology.

Autori: Guo S Liu L Zou C a ďalší

Zdroj: International urology and nephrology [Int Urol Nephrol] 2025 Nov; Vol. 57 (11), pp. 3799-3809. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 15.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0262521 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2584 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03011623 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Urol Nephrol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Renal Dialysis* , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/pathology , Parathyroid Glands*/metabolism , Calcium*/metabolism , Calcium*/blood , Phosphorus*/metabolism , Ultrasonography, Doppler*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Organ Size ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Correlation of Data

Combined near-infrared autofluorescence and preresection indocyanine green angiography for parathyroid gland preservation during thyroid surgery: A clinical controlled trial.

Autori: Michaelsen SH Døssing H Gerke O a ďalší

Zdroj: Surgery [Surgery] 2025 Nov; Vol. 187, pp. 109623. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 16.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Controlled Clinical Trial

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0417347 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-7361 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00396060 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Surgery Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Angiography*/methods , Hypoparathyroidism*/prevention & control , Hypoparathyroidism*/etiology , Hypoparathyroidism*/epidemiology , Indocyanine Green* , Organ Sparing Treatments*/methods , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/blood supply , Postoperative Complications*/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications*/epidemiology , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy*/methods, Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Coloring Agents ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Indocyanine Green Fluorescence to Assess Parathyroid Glands Function during MIVAT.

Autori: Gisonni P Nigro C Tempera SE a ďalší

Zdroj: JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons [JSLS] 2025 Oct-Dec; Vol. 29 (4). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Case Reports; Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100884618 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-3797 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10868089 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JSLS Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Indocyanine Green* , Thyroidectomy*/methods , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/blood supply , Hypoparathyroidism*/prevention & control , Hypoparathyroidism*/etiology , Video-Assisted Surgery*/methods, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Feasibility Studies ; Fluorescence ; Coloring Agents ; Aged ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control

[Parathyroid glands and their anatomical positional variations : Preoperative diagnostics and surgical planning].

Transliterovaný název: Nebenschilddrüsen und deren anatomische Lagevarianten : Präoperative Diagnostik und operative Planung.

Autori: Lenschow C Pistorius R Meir M a ďalší

Zdroj: Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) [Chirurgie (Heidelb)] 2025 Oct; Vol. 96 (10), pp. 827-832. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 24.

Spôsob vydávania: English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Medizin Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9918383081906676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2731-698X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27316971 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chirurgie (Heidelb) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/anatomy & histology , Parathyroid Glands*/blood supply , Parathyroidectomy*/methods, Humans ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Ultrasonography

Efficacy and role of indocyanine green angiography in thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autori: Nguyen VC Song CM Ji YB a ďalší

Zdroj: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery [Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 282 (10), pp. 4935-4947. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 07.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9002937 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1434-4726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09374477 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Thyroidectomy*/methods , Indocyanine Green* , Parathyroid Glands*/transplantation , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Angiography*/methods , Coloring Agents*, Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Hypocalcemia ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control

Incident Dark-Field (IDF) Illumination Microscopy as a Novel Tool for Real-Time, Dye-Free Parathyroid Perfusion Assessment in Thyroid Surgery.

Autori: Kuo TC Chen KY Yeh YC a ďalší

Zdroj: Annals of surgical oncology [Ann Surg Oncol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 32 (10), pp. 7524-7531. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 06.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9420840 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1534-4681 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10689265 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Surg Oncol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects , Parathyroid Glands*/blood supply , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms*/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms*/pathology , Hypoparathyroidism*/etiology , Microscopy*/methods, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Indocyanine Green ; Prognosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Feasibility Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; Coloring Agents ; Postoperative Complications

Diagnostic Performance of 99 mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT and 18F-Choline PET/CT in Locating Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Autori: Mandic A Kraljevic I Skoric Polovina T a ďalší

Zdroj: Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine [Nuklearmedizin] 2025 Oct; Vol. 64 (5), pp. 308-312. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 26.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Thieme Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7609387 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2567-6407 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00295566 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nuklearmedizin Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi* , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*/diagnostic imaging , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*/physiopathology , Choline*/analogs & derivatives , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography* , Parathyroid Glands*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands*/physiopathology, Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Undescended Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma Within Ectopic Cervical Thymus in the Carotid Sheath.

Autori: Sayeed S Joseph J Stanisce L a ďalší

Zdroj: Head & neck [Head Neck] 2025 Dec; Vol. 47 (12), pp. E131-E133. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 30.

Spôsob vydávania: Case Reports; Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: John Wiley And Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8902541 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-0347 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10433074 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Head Neck Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Parathyroid Neoplasms*/surgery , Parathyroid Neoplasms*/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Neoplasms*/pathology , Parathyroid Neoplasms*/complications , Choristoma*/surgery , Choristoma*/diagnostic imaging , Choristoma*/pathology , Thymus Gland* , Adenoma*/surgery , Adenoma*/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma*/pathology , Parathyroid Glands*, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Parathyroidectomy/methods ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Preservation of parathyroid vascularization in thyroid surgery: morphological study and surgical implications.

Autori: Melo C Bernardes A Cardoso L a ďalší

Zdroj: Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA [Surg Radiol Anat] 2025 Sep 19; Vol. 47 (1), pp. 207. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 19.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8608029 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1279-8517 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09301038 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Surg Radiol Anat Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Parathyroid Glands*/blood supply , Parathyroid Glands*/surgery , Thyroid Gland*/blood supply , Thyroid Gland*/surgery , Thyroidectomy*/methods , Thyroidectomy*/adverse effects, Humans ; Cadaver ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology ; Arteries/anatomy & histology ; Aged, 80 and over

Generation of parathyroid glands from pluripotent stem cells.

Autori: Kano M; Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.; Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.

Zdroj: Endocrine journal [Endocr J] 2025 Aug 01; Vol. 72 (8), pp. 863-875. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 22.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Japan Endocrine Society Country of Publication: Japan NLM ID: 9313485 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1348-4540 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09188959 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Endocr J Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Parathyroid Glands*/cytology , Parathyroid Glands*/metabolism , Pluripotent Stem Cells*/cytology , Pluripotent Stem Cells*/physiology , Organogenesis*/physiology, Humans ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Hypoparathyroidism/therapy