Výsledky vyhľadávania - "Motor Neurons"

Intrinsic mechanisms contributing to the biophysical signature of mouse gamma motoneurons.

Autori: Sharples SA Nisbet SJ Broadhead MJ a ďalší

Zdroj: The Journal of physiology [J Physiol] 2025 Nov; Vol. 603 (22), pp. 7145-7170. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Cambridge Univ. Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0266262 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-7793 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Motor Neurons, Gamma*/physiology , Motor Neurons*/physiology, Animals ; Mice ; Action Potentials ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/physiology

POU6F1 promote lumbar motor circuit reorganization following spinal cord injury.

Autori: Wang S Li Y Liu D a ďalší

Zdroj: Neurobiology of disease [Neurobiol Dis] 2025 Oct 15; Vol. 215, pp. 107080. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9500169 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-953X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09699961 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurobiol Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Spinal Cord Injuries*/metabolism , Spinal Cord Injuries*/pathology , Spinal Cord Injuries*/physiopathology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/pathology , Octamer Transcription Factor-3*/metabolism , Octamer Transcription Factor-3*/genetics , Nerve Regeneration*/physiology, Animals ; Female ; Rats ; Mice ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Neuronal Damage Induced by Gradual Oxidative Stress in iPSC-Derived Neurons: Implications for Ferroptosis Involvement and ALS Drug Evaluation.

Autori: Kobayashi H Suzuki-Masuyama H Tanabe H a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of neurochemistry [J Neurochem] 2025 Oct; Vol. 169 (10), pp. e70246.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wiley on behalf of the International Society for Neurochemistry Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985190R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-4159 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223042 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurochem Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Ferroptosis*/drug effects , Ferroptosis*/physiology , Oxidative Stress*/drug effects , Oxidative Stress*/physiology , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/drug effects , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/metabolism , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/pathology , Neurons*/drug effects , Neurons*/pathology , Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/drug effects , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/pathology, Animals ; Humans ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Mice ; Edaravone/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured

Optogenetic methods to stimulate gamma motor neuron axons ex vivo.

Autori: Karekal A Mandawe R Chun C a ďalší

Zdroj: Experimental physiology [Exp Physiol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 110 (10), pp. 1531-1541. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Feb 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9002940 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-445X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09580670 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Exp Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Optogenetics*/methods , Axons*/physiology , Motor Neurons, Gamma*/physiology , Motor Neurons, Gamma*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/physiology, Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Spindles/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

The Vap33 signaling axis precisely coordinates the timing of motoneuron dendritogenesis in neural map development.

Autori: Kamiyama D Kamiyama R Nishida Y a ďalší

Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2025 Dec 04; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 10893. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 04.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/cytology , Drosophila Proteins*/metabolism , Drosophila Proteins*/genetics , Dendrites*/metabolism , Neurogenesis*/physiology, Animals ; Signal Transduction ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins

The structure, redox chemistry and motor neuron toxicity of heterodimeric zinc-deficient SOD1-implications for the toxic gain of function observed in ALS.

Autori: Streltsov VA Ganio KE Nuttall SD a ďalší

Zdroj: Neurobiology of disease [Neurobiol Dis] 2025 Dec; Vol. 217, pp. 107189. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 12.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9500169 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-953X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09699961 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurobiol Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/drug effects , Motor Neurons*/pathology , Superoxide Dismutase-1*/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase-1*/genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/pathology , Zinc*/deficiency , Zinc*/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase*/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase*/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase*/metabolism, Animals ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Cells, Cultured ; Mutation ; Gain of Function Mutation

TDP-43-dependent mis-splicing of KCNQ2 triggers intrinsic neuronal hyperexcitability in ALS/FTD.

Autori: Joseph BJ Marshall KA Harley P a ďalší

Zdroj: Nature neuroscience [Nat Neurosci] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (12), pp. 2476-2492. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 31.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9809671 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-1726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10976256 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/physiopathology , KCNQ2 Potassium Channel*/genetics , KCNQ2 Potassium Channel*/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins*/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins*/genetics , Frontotemporal Dementia*/genetics , Frontotemporal Dementia*/metabolism , Frontotemporal Dementia*/pathology , Frontotemporal Dementia*/physiopathology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/physiology , RNA Splicing*, Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Neurons ; Male ; Female ; Animals

A critical affinity window for IgSF proteins DIP-α and Dpr10 is required for proper motor neuron arborization.

Autori: Lopez DH Rostam KD Zamurrad S a ďalší

Zdroj: Genes & development [Genes Dev] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 39 (23-24), pp. 1426-1433. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 01.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8711660 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1549-5477 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08909369 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Genes Dev Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Motor Neurons*/cytology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/physiology , Drosophila Proteins*/metabolism , Drosophila Proteins*/genetics , Drosophila melanogaster*/embryology , Drosophila melanogaster*/metabolism , Drosophila melanogaster*/genetics , Cell Adhesion Molecules*/metabolism, Animals ; Pseudopodia/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Neuromuscular Junction

Over-expression microRNA-218 induces differentiation of neural stem cells into functional motor neuron-like cells with differential expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PTEN and GSK3ß signaling proteins.

Autori: Khalil W Tiraihi T Shojaei A a ďalší

Zdroj: Life sciences [Life Sci] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 382, pp. 124015. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 11.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0375521 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0631 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00243205 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Neural Stem Cells*/cytology , Neural Stem Cells*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/cytology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , MicroRNAs*/genetics , MicroRNAs*/biosynthesis , Cell Differentiation*/genetics, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Animals ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Rats

Electrophysiological characterization of sourced human iPSC-derived motor neurons.

Autori: Jurkovicova-Tarabova B Stringer RN Sevcikova Tomaskova Z a ďalší

Zdroj: Channels (Austin, Tex.) [Channels (Austin)] 2025 Dec; Vol. 19 (1), pp. 2480713. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 25.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101321614 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1933-6969 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19336950 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Channels (Austin) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/cytology , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/cytology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/physiology, Humans ; Cell Differentiation ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Action Potentials

A stochastic RNA editing process targets a select number of sites in individual Drosophila glutamatergic motoneurons.

Autori: Crane AB Inouye MO Jetti SK a ďalší

Zdroj: ELife [Elife] 2025 Nov 20; Vol. 14. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 20.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: RNA Editing* , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/physiology , Drosophila melanogaster*/genetics, Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Larva/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics

Role of 2-[ ¹⁸ F]FDG-PET as a biomarker of upper motor neuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Autori: Cabras S Manera U Di Pede F a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of neurology [J Neurol] 2025 Nov 17; Vol. 272 (12), pp. 766. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 17.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0423161 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1459 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03405354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/diagnostic imaging , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18* , Positron-Emission Tomography*/methods , Motor Cortex*/diagnostic imaging , Motor Cortex*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/pathology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Radiopharmaceuticals

Examining iPSC derived motor neuron variability and genome stability monitoring as a solution.

Autori: Gaffey F McCoull D Vaitone E a ďalší

Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2025 Nov 12; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 39670. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 12.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/cytology , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/cytology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Genomic Instability*, Humans ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Line

Performing Compound Motor Action Potential Measurement in Zebrafish: A Description of Methodology and a Comparison Between Healthy and ALS-Affected Animals.

Autori: Rutkove S Tiwari G Nath AK

Zdroj: Muscle & nerve [Muscle Nerve] 2025 Nov; Vol. 72 (5), pp. 1168-1177. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 25.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7803146 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-4598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0148639X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Muscle Nerve Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/diagnosis , Action Potentials*/physiology , Motor Neurons*/physiology, Animals ; Zebrafish ; Disease Models, Animal ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Electric Stimulation ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics

Induced long-term potentiation improves synaptic stability and restores network function in ALS motor neurons.

Autori: Kollstrøm AM Grønlie MB Christiansen N a ďalší

Zdroj: Neurobiology of disease [Neurobiol Dis] 2025 Nov; Vol. 216, pp. 107077. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 11.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9500169 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-953X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09699961 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurobiol Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/drug effects , Motor Neurons*/physiology , Motor Neurons*/pathology , Synapses*/drug effects , Synapses*/physiology , Long-Term Potentiation*/physiology , Long-Term Potentiation*/drug effects , Nerve Net*/drug effects , Nerve Net*/physiopathology, Humans ; Male ; Tetraethylammonium/pharmacology ; Female ; Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Middle Aged

Considering Big tau as a novel and specific biomarker for spinal motor neuron pathology.

Autori: Fischer I; Drexel University, College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA. Electronic address: If24@drexel.edu.

Zdroj: Neurobiology of disease [Neurobiol Dis] 2025 Nov; Vol. 216, pp. 107118. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 23.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9500169 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-953X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09699961 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurobiol Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: tau Proteins*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/pathology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Spinal Cord*/pathology , Spinal Cord*/metabolism , Motor Neuron Disease*/metabolism , Motor Neuron Disease*/pathology , Motor Neuron Disease*/diagnosis, Humans ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Animals ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology

Axonal injury signaling is restrained by a spared synaptic branch.

Autori: Smithson LJ Zang JL Junginger L a ďalší

Zdroj: ELife [Elife] 2025 Oct 29; Vol. 13. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 29.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Signal Transduction* , Drosophila Proteins*/metabolism , Axons*/physiology , Axons*/pathology , Axons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/physiology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases*/metabolism , Synapses*/metabolism , Drosophila melanogaster*, Animals ; Larva ; Drosophila ; Nerve Tissue Proteins

Intrinsically accelerated cellular degradation is amplified by TDP-43 loss in ALS-vulnerable motor neurons in a zebrafish model.

Autori: Asakawa K Tomita T Shioya S a ďalší

Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2025 Oct 27; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 9213. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 27.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/genetics , Zebrafish Proteins*/metabolism , Zebrafish Proteins*/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins*/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins*/genetics, Animals ; Zebrafish ; Disease Models, Animal ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Unfolded Protein Response ; Proteolysis

Integrated profiling of iPSC-derived motor neurons carrying C9orf72, FUS, TARDBP, or SOD1 mutations.

Autori: Ma GM Xia CC Lyu BY a ďalší

Zdroj: Stem cell reports [Stem Cell Reports] 2025 Oct 14; Vol. 20 (10), pp. 102649. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 02.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101611300 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2213-6711 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22136711 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Stem Cell Reports Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/metabolism , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*/cytology , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/cytology , C9orf72 Protein*/genetics , RNA-Binding Protein FUS*/genetics , Mutation* , Superoxide Dismutase-1*/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins*/genetics, Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Alternative Splicing ; Gene Expression Profiling

Exposure to the organochlorine pesticide cis-chlordane induces ALS-like mitochondrial perturbations in stem cell-derived motor neurons.

Autori: Clackson O Hamid MR Wijesekera A a ďalší

Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2025 Oct 14; Vol. 20 (10), pp. e0332422. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 14 (Print Publication: 2025).

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Motor Neurons*/drug effects , Motor Neurons*/metabolism , Motor Neurons*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/metabolism , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis*/chemically induced , Mitochondria*/drug effects , Mitochondria*/metabolism , Mitochondria*/pathology , Pesticides*/toxicity , Chlordan*/toxicity, Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Animals ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects