Suchergebnisse - "KETAMINE"

Emerging Use of Low-Dose Ketamine for Pain Management Beyond the ICU.

Autoren: Oza E Rateshwar Y Santhosh A et al.

Quelle: Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy [J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 39 (4), pp. 567-574. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 20.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101125608 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-0539 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15360288 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/adverse effects , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Pain Management*/methods , Analgesics*/administration & dosage , Analgesics*/adverse effects , Analgesics*/therapeutic use , Chronic Pain*/drug therapy, Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Hospitals, Community ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors

Ketamine infusion therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation: Nursing care and considerations.

Autoren: Ivory RA Pate KM Jones BM et al.

Quelle: Nursing [Nursing] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 55 (12), pp. 16-24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 17.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7600137 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-8689 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03604039 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nursing Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Suicidal Ideation* , Depressive Disorder, Major*/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major*/nursing , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/nursing, Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous

Ketamine Assisted EMDR Therapy™ for PTSD: investigating the synergistic effects of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

Autoren: Topel M Ciccone D

Quelle: European journal of psychotraumatology [Eur J Psychotraumatol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 2572861. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101559025 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2000-8066 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20008066 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Psychotraumatol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/drug therapy , Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing*/methods, Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Combined Modality Therapy

Maintenance Intramuscular Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, a Retrospective Chart Review of Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Dropouts from a Community Practice.

Autoren: Ryan WC Heifets BD

Quelle: Journal of psychoactive drugs [J Psychoactive Drugs] 2025 Nov-Dec; Vol. 57 (5), pp. 525-539. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 22.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Observational Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8113536 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2159-9777 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02791072 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Psychoactive Drugs Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/adverse effects , Patient Dropouts*/statistics & numerical data , Psychotherapy*/methods, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy

Study of metabolic pathways of racemic ketamine and its (S)-enantiomer in rat blood plasma using CE-ESI/MS with partial filling of dual chiral selector system.

Autoren: Konášová R Koval D Tůma P et al.

Quelle: Talanta [Talanta] 2025 Oct 01; Vol. 293, pp. 128129. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 11.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 2984816R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3573 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00399140 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Talanta Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/blood , Ketamine*/metabolism , Ketamine*/chemistry , Ketamine*/analogs & derivatives , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization*/methods, Animals ; Stereoisomerism ; Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods ; Rats ; Male ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The Ketamine Trial for Acute Suicidality (KETA): Study Protocol of a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Superiority Trial on Intranasal Racemic Ketamine Compared to the Active Placebo Intranasal Midazolam as Treatment for Acute Suicidality.

Autoren: Strous JFM Roelandt GHJ van Dalfsen JH et al.

Quelle: International journal of methods in psychiatric research [Int J Methods Psychiatr Res] 2025 Dec; Vol. 34 (4), pp. e70044.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Clinical Trial Protocol

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9111433 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-0657 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10498931 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/pharmacology , Midazolam*/administration & dosage , Midazolam*/pharmacology , Suicidal Ideation* , Outcome Assessment, Health Care*, Humans ; Double-Blind Method ; Administration, Intranasal ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Adolescent

Personalizing ketamine therapy: Real-world predictors of response to IV ketamine and intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression.

Autoren: Elmaadawi AZ Naha I Prabhudesai S et al.

Quelle: Psychiatry research [Psychiatry Res] 2025 Dec; Vol. 354, pp. 116821. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7911385 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7123 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01651781 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychiatry Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/pharmacology , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/drug therapy , Antidepressive Agents*/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents*/pharmacology , Precision Medicine*/methods , Outcome Assessment, Health Care*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Administration, Intranasal ; Comorbidity ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged

Ketamine/esketamine in the treatment of depression with comorbid borderline personality disorder or traits: A systematic review of effectiveness.

Autoren: Scott E Thekkuden DT Kerr K et al.

Quelle: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry [Aust N Z J Psychiatry] 2025 Dec; Vol. 59 (12), pp. 1046-1058. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 20.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0111052 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1440-1614 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00048674 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/pharmacology , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Borderline Personality Disorder*/drug therapy , Borderline Personality Disorder*/epidemiology , Borderline Personality Disorder*/complications , Depressive Disorder*/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder*/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder*/complications , Antidepressive Agents*/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents*/pharmacology, Humans ; Comorbidity

Blood-based biomarkers in ketamine treatment: A blueprint for translational drug development in mood disorders.

Autoren: Courtes AC Jones GH Henter ID et al.

Quelle: Journal of affective disorders [J Affect Disord] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 390, pp. 120016. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 06.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7906073 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2517 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01650327 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Affect Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Ketamine*/pharmacology , Ketamine*/analogs & derivatives , Antidepressive Agents*/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents*/pharmacology , Drug Development* , Mood Disorders*/drug therapy , Mood Disorders*/blood, Humans ; Biomarkers/blood ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood ; Translational Research, Biomedical ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy ; Bipolar Disorder/blood

Oral Esketamine as Alternative for Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Case Series.

Autoren: Coerts DT Veraart JKE Kamphuis J et al.

Quelle: The journal of ECT [J ECT] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 41 (4), pp. 238-243. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 21.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9808943 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4112 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10950680 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J ECT Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Electroconvulsive Therapy*/methods , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/psychology , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/drug therapy, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use

The Effectiveness of Intranasal Ketamine on Intramuscular Ketamine Injection Pain Among Children in the Emergency Department, a Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Autoren: Mirfazaelian H Darafshi AS Sedaghat M et al.

Quelle: Pediatric emergency care [Pediatr Emerg Care] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 41 (12), pp. e233-e236. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 22.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8507560 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-1815 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07495161 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Emerg Care Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Analgesics*/administration & dosage , Analgesics*/therapeutic use , Pain*/prevention & control , Pain*/drug therapy , Pain*/etiology, Humans ; Administration, Intranasal ; Injections, Intramuscular/adverse effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Male ; Female ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Child ; Pain Measurement ; Child, Preschool ; Treatment Outcome

Sublingual Ketamine as Breakthrough Analgesia in Patients with Advanced Cancer-A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Repeated Cross-over Trial.

Autoren: Lee YC Zhao E Lee KKH et al.

Quelle: Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy [J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 39 (4), pp. 454-467. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 12.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101125608 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-0539 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15360288 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/adverse effects , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Cancer Pain*/drug therapy , Analgesics*/administration & dosage , Analgesics*/adverse effects , Analgesics*/therapeutic use , Breakthrough Pain*/drug therapy, Humans ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Pilot Projects ; Male ; Female ; Feasibility Studies ; Middle Aged ; Administration, Sublingual ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; Quality of Life ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Pain Measurement

Ketamine as an Adjunct Therapy for Refractory Cancer Pain: A Case Report.

Autoren: Emshoff JB Verrona K Conger A et al.

Quelle: Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy [J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 39 (4), pp. 537-543. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 11.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Case Reports

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101125608 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-0539 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15360288 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/pharmacology , Cancer Pain*/drug therapy , Pain, Intractable*/drug therapy , Pain, Intractable*/etiology , Analgesics*/therapeutic use , Analgesics*/administration & dosage , Analgesics*/pharmacology, Humans ; Palliative Care/methods ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Quality of Life ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use

IMpact of PerioperAtive KeTamine on Enhanced Recovery After abdominal Surgery (IMPAKT ERAS): a pragmatic randomised single-cluster trial.

Autoren: Raymond BL Allen BFS Freundlich RE et al.

Körperschaften: Raymond BL Allen BFS Freundlich RE et al.

Quelle: British journal of anaesthesia [Br J Anaesth] 2025 Dec; Vol. 135 (6), pp. 1770-1778. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Pragmatic Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372541 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-6771 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00070912 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Anaesth Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/adverse effects , Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Abdomen*/surgery , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery* , Perioperative Care*/methods , Anesthetics, Dissociative*/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Dissociative*/adverse effects, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Aged ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, General

Emergency Department Ketamine Sedation: Frequency and Predictors of Critical and High-Risk Adverse Events.

Autoren: Green SM Tsze DS Roback MG

Quelle: Annals of emergency medicine [Ann Emerg Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 86 (6), pp. 600-605. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8002646 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6760 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01960644 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Emerg Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/adverse effects , Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Emergency Service, Hospital*/statistics & numerical data , Anesthetics, Dissociative*/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Dissociative*/administration & dosage , Conscious Sedation*/adverse effects , Conscious Sedation*/methods , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/adverse effects, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Adolescent ; Laryngismus/chemically induced ; Laryngismus/epidemiology ; Registries ; Risk Factors

Synaptic priming: A framework for pharmacotherapy in depression.

Autoren: Brown KA Ajibola MI Medeiros GC et al.

Quelle: Neuron [Neuron] 2025 Nov 19; Vol. 113 (22), pp. 3722-3740. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 08.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809320 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-4199 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08966273 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuron Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Antidepressive Agents*/pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents*/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents*/pharmacokinetics , Ketamine*/pharmacology , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Ketamine*/pharmacokinetics , Neuronal Plasticity*/drug effects , Neuronal Plasticity*/physiology , Synapses*/drug effects , Synapses*/physiology , Depression*/drug therapy, Humans ; Animals

The pattern of dissociative symptoms differs between post-traumatic stress disorder and first esketamine administration for treatment-resistant depression.

Autoren: Williamson D Williamson L Vaccarino V et al.

Quelle: Journal of affective disorders [J Affect Disord] 2025 Nov 15; Vol. 389, pp. 119632. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 12.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7906073 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2517 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01650327 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Affect Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Ketamine*/adverse effects , Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/drug therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/epidemiology , Dissociative Disorders*/psychology , Dissociative Disorders*/diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders*/epidemiology , Dissociative Disorders*/chemically induced , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/psychology , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/diagnosis , Antidepressive Agents*/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents*/adverse effects, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged

Antidepressant ketamine via oral gavage impairs fear memory, suppresses 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, lowers GluN2A/B expression, and reduces medial habenula activity in rats.

Autoren: Asrar B Metin S Sen Z et al.

Quelle: Neuropharmacology [Neuropharmacology] 2025 Nov 15; Vol. 279, pp. 110650. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 21.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0236217 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7064 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283908 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuropharmacology Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/pharmacology , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate*/metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate*/antagonists & inhibitors , Fear*/drug effects , Fear*/physiology , Antidepressive Agents*/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents*/pharmacology , Habenula*/drug effects , Habenula*/metabolism , Vocalization, Animal*/drug effects , Memory*/drug effects, Animals ; Male ; Rats, Wistar ; Rats ; Administration, Oral

Comparing the effects of ECT and intravenous ketamine in psychiatric patients with major depressive episodes.

Autoren: Myerson J Rufino KA Mathew SJ et al.

Quelle: Journal of affective disorders [J Affect Disord] 2025 Nov 15; Vol. 389, pp. 119727. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 18.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7906073 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2517 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01650327 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Affect Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder, Major*/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major*/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major*/psychology , Electroconvulsive Therapy*/methods , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/therapy, Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Assessment of Three Regimens of Ketamine Infusion in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Prospective Comparative Study.

Autoren: Abo Elsafa AM El Tatawy HI Alzeftawy AE et al.

Quelle: Pain physician [Pain Physician] 2025 Nov; Vol. 28 (6), pp. E689-E694.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100954394 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2150-1149 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15333159 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pain Physician Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ketamine*/administration & dosage , Ketamine*/therapeutic use , Complex Regional Pain Syndromes*/drug therapy , Analgesics*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Pain Measurement ; Treatment Outcome ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug