Suchergebnisse - "GLATIRAMER acetate"

A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label pragmatic trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of interferon beta-1a and glatiramer-acetate in paediatric patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoren: Simone M Palumbi R Achille M et al.

Quelle: Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology [Neurol Sci] 2025 Oct; Vol. 46 (10), pp. 5391-5400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 08.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase III; Pragmatic Clinical Trial; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Italia Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 100959175 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1590-3478 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15901874 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/adverse effects , Glatiramer Acetate*/administration & dosage , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacology , Interferon beta-1a*/adverse effects , Interferon beta-1a*/administration & dosage , Interferon beta-1a*/therapeutic use , Interferon beta-1a*/pharmacology , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/diagnostic imaging , Immunologic Factors*/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors*/adverse effects, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Child ; Adolescent ; Treatment Outcome ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Prospective Studies ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Quality of Life

Anaphylaxis and glatiramer acetate.

Autoren: Kim TB Lee JY Brinker A et al.

Quelle: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) [Mult Scler] 2025 Dec; Vol. 31 (14), pp. 1664-1671. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 26.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review; Case Reports

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: SAGE Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9509185 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1477-0970 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13524585 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mult Scler Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/adverse effects , Anaphylaxis*/chemically induced , Anaphylaxis*/mortality , Immunosuppressive Agents*/adverse effects , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Peptides*/adverse effects, Humans ; United States ; Female ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Adult ; Drug Labeling ; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Decoding the Potential Impact of Plasma hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-181 d-3p Expression, Plasma IFN-γ Levels, and IFNG rs2069727 T/C Genetic Variant on Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Glatiramer Acetate Treatment.

Autoren: Kalmaz M Mungan S Demirdöğen BC

Quelle: Molecular neurobiology [Mol Neurobiol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 62 (10), pp. 12865-12882. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 02.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8900963 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-1182 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08937648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Neurobiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: MicroRNAs*/blood , MicroRNAs*/genetics , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Interferon-gamma*/blood , Interferon-gamma*/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis*/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/blood , Genetic Predisposition to Disease* , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*/genetics, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

Glatiramer Acetate Reduces Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Myocardial Infarction.

Autoren: Lehrer S Rheinstein PH

Quelle: In vivo (Athens, Greece) [In Vivo] 2025 Jul-Aug; Vol. 39 (4), pp. 2066-2072.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: International Institute of Anticancer Research Country of Publication: Greece NLM ID: 8806809 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1791-7549 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0258851X NLM ISO Abbreviation: In Vivo Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Glatiramer Acetate*/administration & dosage , Myocardial Infarction*/etiology , Myocardial Infarction*/prevention & control , Myocardial Infarction*/drug therapy , Myocardial Infarction*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases*/prevention & control , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/complications, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Animals ; Adult

HLA-A∗03:01 as predictive genetic biomarker for glatiramer acetate treatment response in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Autoren: Zhang BC Schneider-Hohendorf T Elyanow R et al.

Körperschaften: Zhang BC Schneider-Hohendorf T Elyanow R et al.

Quelle: EBioMedicine [EBioMedicine] 2025 Aug; Vol. 118, pp. 105873. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 31.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier B.V Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101647039 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2352-3964 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23523964 NLM ISO Abbreviation: EBioMedicine Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis*/diagnosis , HLA-A3 Antigen*/genetics , Immunosuppressive Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Genetic Markers ; Retrospective Studies ; Biomarkers ; Alleles ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics

Therapeutic effect of systemic use of glatiramer acetate in imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis model.

Autoren: Demiran G Guner RY Ozkara M et al.

Quelle: Cutaneous and ocular toxicology [Cutan Ocul Toxicol] 2025 Jun; Vol. 44 (2), pp. 210-216. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 12.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101266892 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1556-9535 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15569527 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cutan Ocul Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Psoriasis*/drug therapy , Psoriasis*/chemically induced , Psoriasis*/pathology , Psoriasis*/immunology , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents*/therapeutic use, Animals ; Imiquimod ; Female ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-17/metabolism ; Mice ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Skin/pathology ; Skin/drug effects ; Skin/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism

Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Women with Multiple Sclerosis Exposed to Glatiramer Acetate Therapy: An Extended 4-Year Safety Update.

Autoren: Kaplan S Ghimpeteanu A Dragut CF

Quelle: Drug safety [Drug Saf] 2025 Jun; Vol. 48 (6), pp. 697-713. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 19.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Adis, Springer International Country of Publication: New Zealand NLM ID: 9002928 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1179-1942 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01145916 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Drug Saf Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/adverse effects , Glatiramer Acetate*/administration & dosage , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Outcome*/epidemiology , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents*/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents*/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents*/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications*/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications*/epidemiology, Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Prospective Studies ; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Infant

Glatiramer Acetate Modifies the Immune Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro Without Affecting Their Generation.

Autoren: Skuljec J Sardari M Su C et al.

Quelle: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2025 Mar 26; Vol. 26 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 26.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacology , Dendritic Cells*/drug effects , Dendritic Cells*/immunology , Dendritic Cells*/cytology , Dendritic Cells*/metabolism , Monocytes*/drug effects , Monocytes*/cytology , Monocytes*/immunology , Monocytes*/metabolism, Humans ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/immunology

Glatiramer acetate in situ forming gel, a new approach for multiple sclerosis treatment.

Autoren: Shobeirean A Attar H Varshochian R et al.

Quelle: Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences [Daru] 2024 Dec; Vol. 32 (2), pp. 649-664. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer International Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101125969 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2008-2231 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15608115 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Daru Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/administration & dosage , Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacokinetics , Glatiramer Acetate*/chemistry , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Gels*/chemistry , Chitosan*/chemistry , Chitosan*/administration & dosage , Hyaluronic Acid*/administration & dosage , Hyaluronic Acid*/chemistry, Animals ; Mice ; Drug Liberation ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Uric Acid ; Female ; Poloxamer/chemistry ; Poloxamer/administration & dosage ; Rheology

Electrophysiological and histopathological evaluation of the effectiveness of melatonin and glatiramer acetate for traumatic facial nerve injuries.

Autoren: Göksu MR Gümrükçü Z Balaban E et al.

Quelle: Injury [Injury] 2024 Oct; Vol. 55 (10), pp. 111719. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 13.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0226040 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0267 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00201383 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Injury Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Melatonin*/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar* , Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacology , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Nerve Regeneration*/drug effects , Facial Nerve Injuries*/drug therapy , Facial Nerve Injuries*/pathology , Electromyography*, Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Facial Nerve/drug effects ; Facial Nerve/pathology

Glatiramer Acetate Complexes CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides into Nanoparticles and Boosts Their TLR9-Driven Immunity.

Autoren: Gong H Griffin JD Groer CE et al.

Quelle: Molecular pharmaceutics [Mol Pharm] 2024 Dec 02; Vol. 21 (12), pp. 6323-6338. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 01.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101197791 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1543-8392 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15438384 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/chemistry , Toll-Like Receptor 9*/metabolism , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides*/administration & dosage , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides*/pharmacology , Nanoparticles*/chemistry, Animals ; Mice ; Female ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor

Glatiramer Acetate for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: From First-Generation Therapy to Elucidation of Immunomodulation and Repair.

Autoren: Aharoni R Milo R Arnon R

Quelle: Pharmacological reviews [Pharmacol Rev] 2024 Oct 16; Vol. 76 (6), pp. 1133-1158. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 16.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0421737 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-0081 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00316997 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pharmacol Rev Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacology , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/immunology, Humans ; Animals ; Immunomodulation/drug effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Immunomodulating Agents/pharmacology ; Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use

Hospital-Treated Infections and Risk of Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoren: Hu Y Frisell T Alping P et al.

Quelle: Annals of neurology [Ann Neurol] 2024 Oct; Vol. 96 (4), pp. 694-703. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 10.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley-Liss Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7707449 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-8249 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03645134 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Rituximab*/therapeutic use , Rituximab*/adverse effects , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/complications , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Glatiramer Acetate*/adverse effects, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Registries ; Infections/epidemiology ; Interferon-beta/therapeutic use ; Interferon-beta/adverse effects ; Disease Progression ; Hospitalization ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Immunologic Factors/adverse effects ; Disability Evaluation

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis and disease-modifying therapy use in older adults in the United States, 2011-2021.

Autoren: Li J Hutton GJ Aparasu RR

Quelle: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) [Mult Scler] 2025 Nov; Vol. 31 (13), pp. 1595-1599. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 02.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: SAGE Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9509185 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1477-0970 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13524585 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mult Scler Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Multiple Sclerosis*/epidemiology , Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy, Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Female ; Aged ; Prevalence ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; Medicare/statistics & numerical data ; Glatiramer Acetate/therapeutic use

Therapeutic Management During Pregnancy and Relapse Risk in Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoren: Gavoille A Rollot F Casey R et al.

Körperschaften: Gavoille A Rollot F Casey R et al.

Quelle: JAMA neurology [JAMA Neurol] 2025 Oct 01; Vol. 82 (10), pp. 994-1003.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Comment

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101589536 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2168-6157 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21686149 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Pregnancy Complications*/drug therapy , Immunologic Factors*/therapeutic use , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting*/drug therapy, Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Natalizumab/therapeutic use ; Glatiramer Acetate/therapeutic use ; Registries ; Interferon-beta/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies

Real-World Comparison of High-Efficacy Versus Non-High-Efficacy Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoren: Al-Araji S Moccia M Bianchi A et al.

Quelle: Annals of clinical and translational neurology [Ann Clin Transl Neurol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 12 (10), pp. 2077-2085. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 16.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Observational Study; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101623278 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2328-9503 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23289503 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Clin Transl Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting*/drug therapy , Immunologic Factors*/pharmacology, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Glatiramer Acetate/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/therapeutic use ; Natalizumab/pharmacology ; Dimethyl Fumarate/pharmacology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology ; Propensity Score ; Treatment Outcome

Stable excess mortality in a multiple sclerosis cohort diagnosed 1970-2010.

Autoren: Sumelahti ML Verkko A Kytö V et al.

Quelle: European journal of neurology [Eur J Neurol] 2024 Dec; Vol. 31 (12), pp. e16480. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 11.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9506311 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-1331 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13515101 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Multiple Sclerosis*/mortality , Multiple Sclerosis*/epidemiology , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Registries ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Finland/epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Interferons/therapeutic use ; Mortality/trends

Repurposing of glatiramer acetate to treat cardiac ischemia in rodent models.

Autoren: Aviel G Elkahal J Umansky KB et al.

Quelle: Nature cardiovascular research [Nat Cardiovasc Res] 2024 Sep; Vol. 3 (9), pp. 1049-1066. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 26.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Nature Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918284280206676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2731-0590 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27310590 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Cardiovasc Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacology , Drug Repositioning* , Disease Models, Animal*, Animals ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy ; Myocardial Infarction/pathology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Rats ; Mice ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Cells, Cultured ; Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects

Cardioprotective effects of glatiramer acetate after ischemic myocardial injury.

Autoren: Hofmann U Frantz S

Quelle: Nature cardiovascular research [Nat Cardiovasc Res] 2024 Sep; Vol. 3 (9), pp. 1024-1025.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Letter

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Nature Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918284280206676 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2731-0590 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27310590 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Cardiovasc Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use , Glatiramer Acetate*/pharmacology, Animals ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Humans ; Male

Switching from injectable to other Disease Modifying Therapies may improve sexual dysfunction in people with Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoren: Ala S Amirkafi A Kohandel K et al.

Quelle: BMC neurology [BMC Neurol] 2024 Jul 24; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 255. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 24.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2377 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712377 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Multiple Sclerosis*/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis*/complications , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological*/etiology , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological*/drug therapy , Glatiramer Acetate*/administration & dosage , Glatiramer Acetate*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Young Adult ; Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Dimethyl Fumarate/administration & dosage ; Dimethyl Fumarate/therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Interferon beta-1a/administration & dosage ; Interferon beta-1a/therapeutic use ; Drug Substitution/methods ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/therapeutic use ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/administration & dosage ; Natalizumab/administration & dosage ; Natalizumab/therapeutic use