Suchergebnisse - "Fatty Acids, Volatile"

Short‑chain fatty acids regulate hepatocellular carcinoma progression: A metabolic perspective on tumor immunity (Review).

Autoren: Pan D Bao Y Lu X et al.

Quelle: International journal of molecular medicine [Int J Mol Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 56 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: D.A. Spandidos Country of Publication: Greece NLM ID: 9810955 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1791-244X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11073756 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*/immunology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*/metabolism , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*/pathology , Liver Neoplasms*/immunology , Liver Neoplasms*/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms*/pathology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/immunology, Humans ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Disease Progression ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology

Synthesis and evaluation of KR-12, an LL-37 fragment, and its short-chain fatty acid derivatives: selective cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells and anti-tumor efficacy in an azoxymethane/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer mouse model.

Autoren: Włodarczyk J Kamysz E Fichna J

Quelle: Pharmacological reports : PR [Pharmacol Rep] 2025 Dec; Vol. 77 (6), pp. 1689-1702. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 15.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer International Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101234999 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2299-5684 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17341140 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pharmacol Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides*/pharmacology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides*/chemical synthesis , Colorectal Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Colorectal Neoplasms*/pathology , Antineoplastic Agents*/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents*/chemical synthesis , Colitis*/chemically induced , Colitis*/drug therapy , Colitis*/complications , Colitis-Associated Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Colitis-Associated Neoplasms*/pathology , Colitis-Associated Neoplasms*/chemically induced , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/chemical synthesis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/chemistry, Animals ; Humans ; Cathelicidins ; Mice ; Male ; Azoxymethane ; Dextran Sulfate ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Disease Models, Animal ; HT29 Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor

Enhanced volatile fatty acids production from Chinese cabbage waste by pretreatment.

Autoren: Shen Y Liu L Yang S et al.

Quelle: Journal of biotechnology [J Biotechnol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 408, pp. 91-100. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 12.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8411927 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4863 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01681656 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biotechnol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Brassica*/chemistry , Brassica*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/analysis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/biosynthesis, Fermentation ; Cellulase/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Anaerobiosis

Short-chain fatty acids regulate T cell heterogeneity to alleviate recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Autoren: Yao Y Cai X He D et al.

Quelle: British journal of pharmacology [Br J Pharmacol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 182 (23), pp. 5762-5789. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7502536 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-5381 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00071188 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Pharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/pharmacology , Abortion, Habitual*/immunology , T-Lymphocytes*/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes*/immunology, Female ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Mice ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Adult ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism

Fractionation of waste-derived volatile fatty acids by multi-stage adsorption using activated charcoal and Diaion HP-20 resin.

Autoren: Basereh N Wainaina S Mahboubi A et al.

Quelle: Bioengineered [Bioengineered] 2025 Dec; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 2458366. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Feb 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101581063 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2165-5987 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21655979 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioengineered Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Charcoal*/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/isolation & purification , Chemical Fractionation*/methods, Adsorption ; Fermentation ; Chickens ; Manure/analysis ; Animals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Assessing the effect of temperature drop on a stable anaerobic fermentation for volatile fatty acids production.

Autoren: Afecto Gonçalves MJ González-Fernández C Greses S

Quelle: Bioengineered [Bioengineered] 2025 Dec; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 2458369. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Feb 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101581063 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2165-5987 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21655979 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioengineered Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Fermentation* , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/biosynthesis , Bioreactors*/microbiology, Anaerobiosis ; Temperature ; Succinic Acid/metabolism

Oral Administrations of Short-Chain Fatty Acids or Probiotics Extend the Survival Times and Mitigate the Neuropathological Damages in the Scrapie-Infected Hamsters.

Autoren: Wang Y Liang DL Cao RD et al.

Quelle: Molecular neurobiology [Mol Neurobiol] 2025 Nov 22; Vol. 63 (1), pp. 145. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 22.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8900963 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-1182 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08937648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Neurobiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Fatty Acids, Volatile*/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/therapeutic use , Probiotics*/administration & dosage , Probiotics*/pharmacology , Probiotics*/therapeutic use , Scrapie*/pathology , Scrapie*/drug therapy, Animals ; Administration, Oral ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Mesocricetus ; Male ; PrPSc Proteins/metabolism

A head-to-head comparison of soluble dietary fibers on microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production using the in vitro TIM-2 system.

Autoren: Zhang Y Belkassem N Umanets A et al.

Quelle: Carbohydrate polymers [Carbohydr Polym] 2025 Nov 15; Vol. 368 (Pt 1), pp. 124090. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 19.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8307156 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1344 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01448617 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Carbohydr Polym Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Dietary Fiber*/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/biosynthesis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/drug effects, Galactans/chemistry ; Galactans/pharmacology ; Inulin/chemistry ; Inulin/pharmacology ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Pectins/chemistry ; Pectins/pharmacology ; Starch/chemistry ; Starch/pharmacology ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Solubility

Microbial Metabolites in Allergic Diseases: Beyond Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Autoren: Morillas-Armenta J Macías-Camero A Rzetecka N et al.

Quelle: Current allergy and asthma reports [Curr Allergy Asthma Rep] 2025 Nov 11; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 53. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 11.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Current Science Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101096440 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1534-6315 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15297322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Hypersensitivity*/immunology , Hypersensitivity*/metabolism , Hypersensitivity*/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/immunology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/immunology, Humans ; Animals

Evaluating short-chain fatty acids in breath condensate as surrogate measurements for systemic levels and investigation into alternative respiratory sample matrices.

Autoren: Green CG Bempong J Ong MLY et al.

Quelle: Clinical science (London, England : 1979) [Clin Sci (Lond)] 2025 Nov 04; Vol. 139 (21).

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Portland Press on behalf of the Medical Research Society and the Biochemical Society Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7905731 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1470-8736 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01435221 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Sci (Lond) Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/analysis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/blood , Lung*/metabolism , Lung*/microbiology, Humans ; Breath Tests/methods ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Sputum/chemistry ; Sputum/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Exhalation ; Young Adult

Using in vitro models to ascertain whether multi-probiotic supplementation influences neurotransmitter and SCFA production in the absence of human cells.

Autoren: Eastwood J van Hemert S Poveda C et al.

Quelle: Journal of applied microbiology [J Appl Microbiol] 2025 Nov 04; Vol. 136 (11).

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9706280 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2672 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13645072 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Appl Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Probiotics*/pharmacology , Probiotics*/administration & dosage , Neurotransmitter Agents*/biosynthesis , Neurotransmitter Agents*/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/drug effects , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/biosynthesis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism, Humans ; Feces/microbiology ; Aged ; Lactobacillus ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Lactococcus lactis ; Male ; Dietary Supplements ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/classification ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Female ; Bifidobacterium ; Colon/microbiology

Fecal short-chain fatty acids vary by sex and amyloid status.

Autoren: Kuehn JF Zhang Q Heston MB et al.

Quelle: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association [Alzheimers Dement] 2025 Nov; Vol. 21 (11), pp. e70877.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101231978 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1552-5279 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15525260 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Alzheimers Dement Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/analysis , Feces*/chemistry , Feces*/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/physiology , Alzheimer Disease*/metabolism, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Sex Factors ; Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid ; Cognitive Dysfunction

Bile and short-chain fatty acid salts affect survival and virulence of Klebsiella Oxytoca of mussel origin.

Autoren: Xu J Sun M Chang J et al.

Quelle: Archives of microbiology [Arch Microbiol] 2025 Nov 01; Vol. 207 (12), pp. 339. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 01.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0410427 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-072X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03028933 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Klebsiella oxytoca*/pathogenicity , Klebsiella oxytoca*/drug effects , Klebsiella oxytoca*/growth & development , Klebsiella oxytoca*/metabolism , Klebsiella oxytoca*/genetics , Klebsiella oxytoca*/physiology , Bile Acids and Salts*/pharmacology , Bile Acids and Salts*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/pharmacology , Bivalvia*/microbiology, Virulence/drug effects ; Animals ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects ; Virulence Factors/genetics

Gut Microbiota-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Regulate Immune Responses via FFAR2/FFAR3 in Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Autoren: Maruyama D Doan TNM Tian X et al.

Quelle: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences [Ann N Y Acad Sci] 2025 Nov; Vol. 1553 (1), pp. 449-460. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 01.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: New York Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7506858 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1749-6632 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00778923 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann N Y Acad Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Lipopolysaccharides*/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides*/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury*/immunology , Reperfusion Injury*/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury*/microbiology , Reperfusion Injury*/pathology , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled*/metabolism , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled*/immunology , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled*/genetics , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/immunology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/immunology , Lung Injury*/immunology, Animals ; Mice ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Mice, Knockout ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism

Microbiota-Dependent Fiber Responses: A Proof-of-Concept Study on Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Prevotella- and Bacteroides-Dominated Healthy Individuals.

Autoren: Bartsch M Vital M Woltemate S et al.

Quelle: The Journal of nutrition [J Nutr] 2025 Nov; Vol. 155 (11), pp. 3809-3822. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404243 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1541-6100 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223166 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Prevotella*/metabolism , Dietary Fiber*/administration & dosage , Dietary Fiber*/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/biosynthesis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Bacteroides*/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*, Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Cross-Over Studies ; Young Adult ; Single-Blind Method ; Inulin/administration & dosage ; Feces/microbiology ; Xylans/administration & dosage ; Middle Aged

Quantitative analysis of seven free short-chain fatty acids in infant formula using GC-MS/MS.

Autoren: Zhu Y Liu Y Sun Q et al.

Quelle: Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2025 Nov 01; Vol. 491, pp. 145297. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 24.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Evaluation Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Infant Formula*/chemistry , Infant Formula*/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry*/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry*/methods , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/analysis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/chemistry, Humans ; Infant ; Limit of Detection

Multi-target Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids for Obesity-Related Asthma: Interventional Potential and Challenges.

Autoren: Liang M Li L Fan J

Quelle: Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology [Clin Rev Allergy Immunol] 2025 Oct 28; Vol. 68 (1), pp. 97. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 28.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9504368 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-0267 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10800549 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Rev Allergy Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Asthma*/etiology , Asthma*/metabolism , Asthma*/therapy , Asthma*/epidemiology , Obesity*/complications , Obesity*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; Dysbiosis ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Neurodegeneration.

Autoren: Ravi A Umapathy S Pan I

Quelle: Cellular and molecular neurobiology [Cell Mol Neurobiol] 2025 Oct 22; Vol. 45 (1), pp. 90. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 22.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8200709 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-6830 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02724340 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Mol Neurobiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Parkinson Disease*/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease*/metabolism , Parkinson Disease*/pathology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/therapeutic use , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/pharmacology , Nerve Degeneration*/drug therapy , Nerve Degeneration*/pathology , Neurodegenerative Diseases*/drug therapy, Humans ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects

Multi-omics integration reveals gut Microbiome and Short-chain fatty acid profiles in gastric cancer cachexia patients and their clinical significance.

Autoren: Liu H Cheng Y Tan S et al.

Quelle: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology [World J Microbiol Biotechnol] 2025 Oct 14; Vol. 41 (10), pp. 385. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 14.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9012472 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-0972 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09593993 NLM ISO Abbreviation: World J Microbiol Biotechnol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/genetics , Cachexia*/microbiology , Cachexia*/etiology , Cachexia*/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms*/complications , Stomach Neoplasms*/microbiology , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/analysis, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Feces/microbiology ; Aged ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Clinical Relevance ; Multiomics

[Correlation between short chain fatty acids in saliva and salivary microbiota in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease].

Autoren: Bi XX Zhou LX Zhang YP et al.

Quelle: Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery [Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi] 2025 Oct 07; Vol. 60 (10), pp. 1298-1307.

Publikationsart: English Abstract; Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Zhonghua yi xue hui za zhi she Country of Publication: China NLM ID: 101247574 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1673-0860 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16730860 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Saliva*/microbiology , Saliva*/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/analysis , Fatty Acids, Volatile*/metabolism , Microbiota* , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux*/microbiology , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux*/metabolism, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult ; Adolescent