Suchergebnisse - "Exosomes"

Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Healing Effects of Human Plasma-Derived Exosomes in a Murine Wound Model.

Autoren: Yang H Go D Kang H et al.

Quelle: Journal of cosmetic dermatology [J Cosmet Dermatol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 24 (12), pp. e70559.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Blackwell Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101130964 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-2165 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14732130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Cosmet Dermatol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/transplantation , Exosomes*/metabolism , Wound Healing*/drug effects, Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Movement ; Fibroblasts ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Skin/cytology ; Skin/injuries ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Female

Role of exosomes in viral infections: a narrative review.

Autoren: Marca RD Giugliano R Zannella C et al.

Quelle: Virus research [Virus Res] 2025 Nov; Vol. 361, pp. 199644. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 17.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8410979 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7492 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01681702 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Virus Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/immunology , Exosomes*/virology , Virus Diseases*/virology , Virus Diseases*/immunology , Virus Diseases*/metabolism , Host-Pathogen Interactions* , Viruses*/pathogenicity , Viruses*/immunology, Humans ; Animals ; Cell Communication ; Immune Evasion ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Virus Replication

The Potential Application of Exosomes as Therapeutic Agents, Carriers, and Biomarkers in Skin Diseases.

Autoren: Li W Li H Fan L et al.

Quelle: International journal of nanomedicine [Int J Nanomedicine] 2025 Oct 15; Vol. 20, pp. 12627-12658. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 15 (Print Publication: 2025).

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: DOVE Medical Press Country of Publication: New Zealand NLM ID: 101263847 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1178-2013 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11769114 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Nanomedicine Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/chemistry , Skin Diseases*/therapy, Humans ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Animals ; Wound Healing ; Skin

Exosome/Extracellular Vesicles-Based Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroprotective Roles and Future Perspectives.

Autoren: Ebadpour N Abavisani M Karav S et al.

Quelle: Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN [J Mol Neurosci] 2025 Oct 12; Vol. 75 (4), pp. 137. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 12.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9002991 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-1166 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08958696 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Mol Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Alzheimer Disease*/therapy , Alzheimer Disease*/metabolism , Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/transplantation , Extracellular Vesicles*/metabolism , Extracellular Vesicles*/transplantation, Humans ; Animals

An In Vivo C57BL/6 Mouse Study Demonstrating Fine-Tuning of Serum and Brain-Derived Exosomes Reveal Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemical Ferulic Acid Against Alzheimer's Disease.

Autoren: Verma H Dhureja M Yadav A et al.

Quelle: Molecular neurobiology [Mol Neurobiol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 62 (10), pp. 12963-12983. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8900963 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-1182 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08937648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Neurobiol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Alzheimer Disease*/drug therapy , Alzheimer Disease*/blood , Alzheimer Disease*/metabolism , Coumaric Acids*/pharmacology , Coumaric Acids*/therapeutic use , Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/drug effects , Exosomes*/ultrastructure , Brain*/metabolism , Brain*/drug effects , Brain*/pathology , Phytochemicals*/pharmacology , Phytochemicals*/therapeutic use, Animals ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Proteome/metabolism

Non-lethal sonodynamic therapy-engineered foam cell exosomes reprograms endothelial immunometabolic crosstalk to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

Autoren: Li Y Yang Z Ma X et al.

Quelle: International immunopharmacology [Int Immunopharmacol] 2025 Dec 10; Vol. 167, pp. 115675. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 10.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100965259 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1705 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15675769 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Immunopharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/immunology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic*/therapy , Plaque, Atherosclerotic*/immunology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic*/metabolism , Foam Cells*/metabolism , Foam Cells*/immunology , Atherosclerosis*/therapy , Atherosclerosis*/immunology , Ultrasonic Therapy*/methods , Endothelial Cells*/metabolism , Endothelial Cells*/immunology, Animals ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Mice ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics ; Humans ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Benzylidene Compounds/pharmacology ; Aniline Compounds/pharmacology ; Male ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout, ApoE

MSC-derived exosomes carrying sFgl2 alleviate acute rejection of mouse heart transplantation by regulating macrophage polarization.

Autoren: Chen GS Ji WB Zhang BT et al.

Quelle: International immunopharmacology [Int Immunopharmacol] 2025 Dec 10; Vol. 167, pp. 115678. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 15.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100965259 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1705 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15675769 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Immunopharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/transplantation , Exosomes*/immunology , Heart Transplantation*/adverse effects , Graft Rejection*/immunology , Graft Rejection*/prevention & control , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism , Macrophages*/immunology, Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Macrophage Activation ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibrinogen

IL-1β-stimulated bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote cutaneous wound healing by inhibiting SIRT6/NLRP3 pathway.

Autoren: Li R Fan X He Z et al.

Quelle: International immunopharmacology [Int Immunopharmacol] 2025 Dec 03; Vol. 166, pp. 115566. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 20.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100965259 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1705 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15675769 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Immunopharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein*/metabolism , Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism , Wound Healing* , Interleukin-1beta*/metabolism , Skin*/injuries , Skin*/pathology , Sirtuins*/metabolism , Sirtuins*/genetics, Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Signal Transduction ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Cells, Cultured ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Movement

Human neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote functional recovery in subarachnoid hemorrhage via bdnf/trkb pathway activation and astrocyte modulation.

Autoren: Zhang X Jing F Li J et al.

Quelle: Acta neuropathologica communications [Acta Neuropathol Commun] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 245. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 01.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101610673 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2051-5960 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20515960 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Neuropathol Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/transplantation , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*/metabolism , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*/therapy , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*/pathology , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor*/metabolism , Astrocytes*/metabolism , Neural Stem Cells*/metabolism , Recovery of Function*/physiology , Receptor, trkB*/metabolism, Animals ; Rats ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Roles, Therapeutic Potential and Translational Challenges.

Autoren: Khafaji ATA Barakat AM Zaidy AJA et al.

Quelle: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology [Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 137 (6), pp. e70151.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101208422 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1742-7843 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17427835 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/transplantation , Cardiovascular Diseases*/therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases*/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/diagnosis, Humans ; Animals ; Regenerative Medicine/methods ; Translational Research, Biomedical ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; Regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a new hope for improving asthma airway remodeling.

Autoren: Suo R Hao T Wumaier R et al.

Quelle: Annals of medicine [Ann Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 57 (1), pp. 2591447. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 27.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8906388 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2060 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07853890 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Asthma*/therapy , Asthma*/physiopathology , Exosomes*/transplantation , Exosomes*/metabolism , Airway Remodeling*/physiology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation*/methods, Humans ; Animals

Regenerative Potential of Various Plant-Derived Exosome Injections in Laser-Induced Skin Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model.

Autoren: Adel N Kolenda J Thulesen J et al.

Quelle: Journal of cosmetic dermatology [J Cosmet Dermatol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 24 (12), pp. e70561.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Blackwell Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101130964 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-2165 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14732130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Cosmet Dermatol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Wound Healing*/drug effects , Skin*/injuries , Skin*/pathology , Skin*/drug effects , Skin*/blood supply , Exosomes*, Animals ; Rabbits ; Male ; Disease Models, Animal ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Lasers/adverse effects ; Regeneration/drug effects

Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles: mechanisms and molecular understanding in neurological disorders with potential therapeutic applications.

Autoren: Isik S Alhelwani S Sahsahi A et al.

Quelle: Drug delivery and translational research [Drug Deliv Transl Res] 2025 Dec; Vol. 15 (12), pp. 4452-4478. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 20.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101540061 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2190-3948 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2190393X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Drug Deliv Transl Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/chemistry , Nervous System Diseases*/drug therapy , Nervous System Diseases*/metabolism , Plants*, Humans ; Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems

Exosomal microRNA-20b-5p contributes to cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via the microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling axis.

Autoren: Huang A Wang L Chen Y et al.

Quelle: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 333 (Pt 2), pp. 148750. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: MicroRNAs*/genetics , MicroRNAs*/metabolism , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/pathology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/metabolism , Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/genetics , Cytarabine*/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt*/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*/genetics , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*/drug effects , Signal Transduction*/drug effects , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase*/metabolism, Humans ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; 3' Untranslated Regions

Exosomal miR-140-3p produced by bone marrow stromal cells affects acute myeloid leukemia cell growth and apoptosis by targeting SUZ12.

Autoren: Li J Li F Zhang M et al.

Quelle: Leukemia research [Leuk Res] 2025 Dec; Vol. 159, pp. 108122. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 16.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7706787 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5835 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01452126 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Leuk Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: MicroRNAs*/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/pathology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*/metabolism , Apoptosis*/genetics , Exosomes*/genetics , Exosomes*/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/pathology , Transcription Factors*/genetics, Humans ; Cell Proliferation ; Male ; Female ; Coculture Techniques ; Middle Aged ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic

Exosome-targeted injectable hydrogels for sustained DEPTOR delivery and delay of IDD via the mTORC1/SASP pathway.

Autoren: Lu H Liu Z Han S et al.

Quelle: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 333 (Pt 1), pp. 148758. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Hydrogels*/chemistry , Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1*/metabolism , Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/chemistry , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration*/drug therapy , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration*/metabolism , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration*/pathology, Animals ; Rats ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Chitosan/analogs & derivatives ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Cellular Senescence/drug effects ; Alginates/chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations

Exosome-mediated perturbation of the immune-bone metabolism axis: a mechanistic investigation into bone loss in a simulated microgravity environment.

Autoren: Yang F Chen C Yang C et al.

Quelle: Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology [Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 53 (1), pp. 494-513. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 23.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101594777 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2169-141X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21691401 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/immunology , Exosomes*/transplantation , Weightlessness Simulation* , Bone and Bones*/metabolism , Bone and Bones*/immunology , Weightlessness* , Osteoporosis*/pathology , Osteoporosis*/immunology , Osteoporosis*/metabolism, Animals ; Mice ; Osteogenesis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/cytology ; Osteoblasts/cytology ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Osteoblasts/pathology ; Male ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Super-resolution microscopy reveals glioma cell footprints and exosome deposits.

Autoren: Petrini S Eghiaian F Apollonio V et al.

Quelle: Cell adhesion & migration [Cell Adh Migr] 2025 Dec; Vol. 19 (1), pp. 2534759. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 24.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101469464 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1933-6926 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19336918 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Adh Migr Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/ultrastructure , Glioma*/pathology , Glioma*/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms*/pathology , Brain Neoplasms*/metabolism , Microscopy*/methods, Humans ; Tetraspanin 30/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Actins/metabolism

CAFs-released exosomal CREB1 promotes cell progression and immune evasion in thyroid cancer via the positive regulation of CCL20.

Autoren: Zheng C Hei H Zhai Y et al.

Quelle: Autoimmunity [Autoimmunity] 2025 Dec; Vol. 58 (1), pp. 2458324. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 25.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8900070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1607-842X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08916934 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Autoimmunity Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein*/metabolism , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein*/genetics , Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/immunology , Thyroid Neoplasms*/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms*/immunology , Thyroid Neoplasms*/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms*/genetics , Chemokine CCL20*/metabolism , Chemokine CCL20*/genetics , Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts*/metabolism , Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts*/immunology , Immune Evasion*, Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Tumor Escape ; Apoptosis ; Male

Encapsulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote optic nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a mouse model of optic nerve crush injury.

Autoren: Shoae-Hassani A Niknam P Ahmadirad N et al.

Quelle: Life sciences [Life Sci] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 382, pp. 124013. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 09.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0375521 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0631 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00243205 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Exosomes*/metabolism , Exosomes*/transplantation , Optic Nerve Injuries*/therapy , Optic Nerve Injuries*/physiopathology , Optic Nerve Injuries*/pathology , Nerve Regeneration*/physiology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells*/cytology , Recovery of Function*, Animals ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism ; Hydrogels ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Optic Nerve/physiology ; Nerve Crush