Výsledky vyhľadávania - "ECONOMICS"

Model-based pharmacoeconomic analysis of anti-VEGF strategies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a value-based comparison of real-world administration approaches.

Autori: Gismero Moreno SM Jódar Sánchez F García-Agua Soler N a ďalší

Zdroj: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2025 Oct 07; Vol. 15 (10), pp. e103539. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 07.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*/antagonists & inhibitors , Angiogenesis Inhibitors*/economics , Angiogenesis Inhibitors*/administration & dosage , Angiogenesis Inhibitors*/therapeutic use , Macular Degeneration*/drug therapy , Macular Degeneration*/economics, Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/economics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use ; Ranibizumab/economics ; Ranibizumab/administration & dosage ; Ranibizumab/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/administration & dosage ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/therapeutic use ; Models, Economic ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Spain ; Intravitreal Injections ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use

Early adoption of telehealth/remote patient monitoring and hospital revenue changes during COVID-19.

Autori: Rhoades CA Whitacre BE Davis AF

Zdroj: Journal of telemedicine and telecare [J Telemed Telecare] 2025 Dec; Vol. 31 (10), pp. 1468-1476. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9506702 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1758-1109 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1357633X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Telemed Telecare Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology , Telemedicine*/economics , Telemedicine*/statistics & numerical data , Economics, Hospital*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; United States/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitals, Urban/economics ; Hospitals, Rural/economics ; Remote Patient Monitoring

Study on the chain effect of key pharmaceutical attributes of emergency trauma hemostatic drugs on physician preferences, clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic outcomes.

Autori: Li Z Chen Z

Zdroj: Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences [Pak J Pharm Sci] 2025 Nov-Dec; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 2333-2341.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Multicenter Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi Country of Publication: Pakistan NLM ID: 9426356 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1011-601X (Print) Linking ISSN: 1011601X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pak J Pharm Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Wounds and Injuries*/drug therapy , Wounds and Injuries*/economics , Hemostatics*/therapeutic use , Hemostatics*/economics , Hemostatics*/pharmacology , Physicians*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Adult ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; China ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use ; Tranexamic Acid/economics ; Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antifibrinolytic Agents/economics

Beyond the Virus: The Collateral Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Consumption, Microbial Resistance, and Pharmacoeconomics.

Autori: Chauvin AG Pardo I Cotia ALF a ďalší

Zdroj: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) [Pathogens] 2025 Nov 05; Vol. 14 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Observational Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596317 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2076-0817 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20760817 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pathogens Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/economics , COVID-19*/virology , Cross Infection*/drug therapy , Cross Infection*/epidemiology , Cross Infection*/economics , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/economics , Drug Resistance, Microbial* , Anti-Infective Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents*/economics, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Hospitalization ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment

Can We Make Health Economic Decision Models as Simple as Possible, But Not Simpler? Introducing SMART tool.

Autori: Abu-Zahra T Grimm SE Scholte M a ďalší

Zdroj: PharmacoEconomics [Pharmacoeconomics] 2025 Oct; Vol. 43 (10), pp. 1235-1250. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 26.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Adis, Springer International Country of Publication: New Zealand NLM ID: 9212404 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1179-2027 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11707690 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pharmacoeconomics Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Decision Support Techniques* , Models, Economic* , Economics, Medical*, Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/economics ; Decision Making ; Antihypertensive Agents/economics ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use

Hospital Finances, Operations, And Patient Experience Remain Stable After Oregon's Hospital Payment Cap Was Implemented.

Autori: Murray RC Ryan AM Whaley CM

Zdroj: Health affairs (Project Hope) [Health Aff (Millwood)] 2025 Dec; Vol. 44 (12), pp. 1482-1489.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Project Hope Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8303128 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2694-233X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02782715 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Health Aff (Millwood) Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Economics, Hospital*/statistics & numerical data , Patient Satisfaction* , Reimbursement Mechanisms*, Oregon ; Humans ; United States ; Medicare/economics ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data

[Current status and progress of health economics research on allergen specific immunotherapy].

Autori: Hu Q Li L Long Z a ďalší

Zdroj: Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery [Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi] 2025 Sep; Vol. 39 (9), pp. 894-898.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review; English Abstract

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi bain ji bu Country of Publication: China NLM ID: 101303164 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2096-7993 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20967993 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Desensitization, Immunologic*/economics , Rhinitis, Allergic*/therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic*/economics, Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Economics, Medical

Determinants of capital structure: a case of hospitals in China.

Autori: Zhang Q Laporte A

Zdroj: BMC health services research [BMC Health Serv Res] 2025 Aug 15; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 1083. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 15.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088677 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6963 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726963 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Health Serv Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Hospitals, Private*/economics , Financial Management, Hospital* , Economics, Hospital* , Capital Financing*, China ; Humans ; Ownership ; Hospitals, Public/economics ; Hospitals, Voluntary/economics ; Hospitals, Proprietary/economics

Behavioral Economic Assessment of Contraceptive Use and Abortion Access Among College Cis Women in the U.S.

Autori: Yoon JH Pericot-Valverde I de Dios C a ďalší

Zdroj: Archives of sexual behavior [Arch Sex Behav] 2025 Jul; Vol. 54 (7), pp. 2539-2552. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 14.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1273516 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2800 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00040002 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Sex Behav Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Contraception Behavior*/psychology , Contraception Behavior*/statistics & numerical data , Economics, Behavioral* , Abortion, Induced*/psychology , Abortion, Induced*/statistics & numerical data , Abortion, Induced*/economics , Health Services Accessibility* , Sexual and Gender Minorities*/psychology, Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; United States ; Universities ; Condoms/statistics & numerical data ; Condoms/economics ; Students/psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; Delay Discounting

Pharmacoeconomic Aspects of Using New-Generation Drugs of the PCSK-9 Inhibitor Class and Those Utilizing the Effect of Ribonucleic Acid Interference in the Treatment of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia.

Autori: Ermolaeva AD Ermolaeva TN Kokushkin KA

Zdroj: Kardiologiia [Kardiologiia] 2025 Jul 07; Vol. 65 (6), pp. 23-33. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 07.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: OOO Obshchestvo spet︠s︡ialistov po serdechnoĭ nedostatochnosti Country of Publication: Russia (Federation) NLM ID: 0376351 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0022-9040 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00229040 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Kardiologiia Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Hypercholesterolemia*/drug therapy , Hypercholesterolemia*/economics , PCSK9 Inhibitors*, Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics ; Anticholesteremic Agents/economics ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Male ; Female ; Russia/epidemiology ; Proprotein Convertase 9

Assessment and predictive analysis of health professions students' proficiency in health economics and pharmacoeconomics in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study.

Autori: Yang J Wei Q Yang X a ďalší

Zdroj: BMC medical education [BMC Med Educ] 2024 Oct 31; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 1239. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 31.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088679 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6920 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726920 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Educ Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Economics, Pharmaceutical*, Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; China ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Economics, Medical ; Students, Health Occupations/psychology ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Using a human-centered design framework and behavioral economic interventions to increase fruit and vegetable purchases in an online grocery store: Study design and methodologies.

Autori: Hua SV Klaiman T Coratti S a ďalší

Zdroj: Contemporary clinical trials [Contemp Clin Trials] 2025 Jun; Vol. 153, pp. 107921. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 17.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Clinical Trial Protocol

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101242342 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-2030 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15517144 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Contemp Clin Trials Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Vegetables*/economics , Fruit*/economics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/diet therapy , Obesity*/diet therapy , Diet, Healthy*/economics , Health Promotion*/methods, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Economics, Behavioral ; Research Design ; Text Messaging ; Middle Aged ; Consumer Behavior ; Adult

New drug accessibility and budgetary impact in South Korea: policy challenges and implications.

Autori: Hwang SE Jang YA Lim KM a ďalší

Zdroj: Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research [Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res] 2025 Jun; Vol. 25 (5), pp. 813-821. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 02.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101132257 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-8379 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14737167 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Drug Costs* , National Health Programs*/economics , Economics, Pharmaceutical* , Health Services Accessibility*/economics, Republic of Korea ; Humans ; Budgets ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ; Health Policy ; Reimbursement Mechanisms/economics ; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement/economics ; Drug Approval ; Risk Sharing, Financial/economics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution ; United States ; Japan ; Time Factors ; Europe

Practical challenges and considerations in adopting biosimilars in oncology clinical practice within a large healthcare system.

Autori: Khan MA Abu Esba LC Yousef CC a ďalší

Zdroj: Expert review of clinical pharmacology [Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol] 2025 Jun; Vol. 18 (6), pp. 323-331. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 30.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101278296 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1751-2441 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17512433 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals*/economics , Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals*/administration & dosage , Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals*/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents*/economics , Antineoplastic Agents*/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents*/adverse effects , Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Neoplasms*/economics, Humans ; Pharmacovigilance ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Cost Savings ; Electronic Health Records ; Health Personnel/education ; Health Personnel/organization & administration

Transition from a fixed fee to a pay-as-you-throw waste tariff scheme: Effectiveness of environmental and accountability appeals.

Autori: Ghazaryan L Faure C Schleich J a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2025 Jun; Vol. 385, pp. 125603. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 06.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-8630 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Taxes* , Refuse Disposal*/economics , Housing*/economics , Housing*/statistics & numerical data, Family Characteristics ; Waste Products/economics ; Waste Products/statistics & numerical data ; France ; Economics/statistics & numerical data

Next-Generation Sequencing in Infectious-Disease Diagnostics: Economic, Regulatory, and Clinical Pathways to Adoption.

Autori: Osei Sekyere J; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; Institute of Biomarker Research and Department of Clinical Development, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories LLC, Hamilton Township, New Jersey, USA.

Zdroj: MicrobiologyOpen [Microbiologyopen] 2025 Dec; Vol. 14 (6), pp. e70104.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Review

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101588314 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-8827 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20458827 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Microbiologyopen Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing*/economics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing*/methods , Communicable Diseases*/diagnosis , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques*/economics , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques*/methods, Humans ; Whole Genome Sequencing/economics ; Whole Genome Sequencing/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/economics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods

Health economic evaluation of implementing a universal immunization program with nirsevimab compared to standard of care for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in Canadian infants.

Autori: Shin T Lee JK Kieffer A a ďalší

Zdroj: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics [Hum Vaccin Immunother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 2480875. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 05.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101572652 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2164-554X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21645515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hum Vaccin Immunother Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/prevention & control , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/economics , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/epidemiology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/economics , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/therapeutic use , Immunization Programs*/economics , Standard of Care*/economics , Antiviral Agents*/economics , Antiviral Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Canada/epidemiology ; Infant ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Palivizumab/economics ; Palivizumab/therapeutic use ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Hospitalization/economics ; Male

Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma who received 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory drug, and were exposed to and discontinued lenalidomide in the United States.

Autori: Jagannath S Kharat A Chinaeke E a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 1989-1998. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 19.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Multiple Myeloma*/drug therapy , Multiple Myeloma*/economics , Lenalidomide*/therapeutic use , Lenalidomide*/economics , Lenalidomide*/administration & dosage , Proteasome Inhibitors*/therapeutic use , Proteasome Inhibitors*/economics , Proteasome Inhibitors*/administration & dosage , Patient Acceptance of Health Care*/statistics & numerical data , Immunomodulating Agents*/therapeutic use , Immunomodulating Agents*/economics , Health Resources*/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources*/economics, Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; United States ; Aged ; Insurance Claim Review ; Adult ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Immunologic Factors/economics ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ; Antineoplastic Agents/economics ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use

The potential impact of the next-generation COVID-19 mRNA-1283 vaccine in Canada.

Autori: Fust K Kohli M Cartier S a ďalší

Zdroj: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 1440-1450. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 03.

Spôsob vydávania: Comparative Study; Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: COVID-19*/economics , COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines*/chemistry , COVID-19 Vaccines*/economics , Hospitalization*/economics , Hospitalization*/trends , mRNA Vaccines*/chemistry , mRNA Vaccines*/economics , Vaccine Efficacy*/statistics & numerical data, Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/economics ; BNT162 Vaccine/economics ; Canada/epidemiology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Incidence ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics

Early-stage cost-utility analysis of novel diagnostic tests for giant cell arteritis: a modelling study in UK secondary care.

Autori: Yang M Cocco P Mackie SL a ďalší

Zdroj: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2025 Nov 13; Vol. 15 (11), pp. e102888. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 13.

Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article

Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE

Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Giant Cell Arteritis*/diagnosis , Giant Cell Arteritis*/economics , Secondary Care*/economics, Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; United Kingdom ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Markov Chains ; Decision Trees ; Biopsy/economics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; State Medicine ; Ultrasonography/economics ; Female ; Biomarkers