Suchergebnisse - "Clonidine"

Pediatric Clonidine Toxicity: A Review.

Autoren: Vaid RA Shakeri S Conners GP

Quelle: Pediatric emergency care [Pediatr Emerg Care] 2025 Dec 01; Vol. 41 (12), pp. 969-975. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 26.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8507560 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-1815 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07495161 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Emerg Care Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/poisoning , Clonidine*/pharmacokinetics , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*, Humans ; Naloxone/therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Drug Overdose/diagnosis ; Drug Overdose/therapy ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use

Preoperative Oral Clonidine Enhances Surgical Field Quality During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.

Autoren: Albazee E Abu-Zaid A Alajmi H et al.

Quelle: International forum of allergy & rhinology [Int Forum Allergy Rhinol] 2025 Nov; Vol. 15 (11), pp. 1266-1278. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 08.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Published for ARS-AAOA by Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101550261 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2042-6984 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20426976 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Endoscopy*/methods , Paranasal Sinuses*/surgery , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Preoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control ; Administration, Oral ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Agitation control with clonidine and haloperidol in critically ill patients: A retrospective analysis.

Autoren: Smit L van der Jagt M Dijkstra-Kersten SMA et al.

Quelle: Journal of critical care [J Crit Care] 2025 Oct; Vol. 89, pp. 155135. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 17.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: W.B. Saunders Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8610642 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-8615 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08839441 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Crit Care Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Haloperidol*/therapeutic use , Haloperidol*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Psychomotor Agitation*/drug therapy , Critical Illness* , Antipsychotic Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Intensive Care Units ; Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination

Clonidine in 50 Children with Intellectual Disability: A Naturalistic Study.

Autoren: Swanepoel A Maitra R Botros M et al.

Quelle: Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology [J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 35 (8), pp. 479-483. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9105358 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-8992 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10445463 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/adverse effects , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Intellectual Disability*/drug therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/drug therapy , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/therapeutic use , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/adverse effects, Humans ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Treatment Outcome ; Tics/drug therapy ; Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy

Pharmacology of Alpha-2 Agonists Applied to Sedation, Sleep, and Analgesia.

Autoren: McKenzie CA Walsh TS

Quelle: Critical care clinics [Crit Care Clin] 2025 Oct; Vol. 41 (4), pp. 641-663. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences Division Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8507720 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-8232 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07490704 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Crit Care Clin Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Dexmedetomidine*/pharmacology , Dexmedetomidine*/therapeutic use , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/pharmacology , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/pharmacology , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/therapeutic use , Sleep*/drug effects , Analgesia*/methods, Humans ; Analgesics/pharmacology

Fixed-proportion mixtures with the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine or lofexidine do not alter fentanyl self-administration in non-opioid-dependent male and female rats.

Autoren: Ortiz A St Onge CM Banks ML

Quelle: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics [J Pharmacol Exp Ther] 2025 Oct; Vol. 392 (10), pp. 103717. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 19.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0376362 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-0103 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/pharmacology , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/analogs & derivatives , Fentanyl*/administration & dosage , Fentanyl*/pharmacology , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/pharmacology , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/administration & dosage, Animals ; Male ; Self Administration ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Reinforcement Schedule

Impact of Intraoperative Clonidine on Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Autoren: Birkebæk S Lundsgaard LM Seyer-Hansen M et al.

Quelle: A&A practice [A A Pract] 2025 Dec 04; Vol. 19 (12), pp. e02080. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 04 (Print Publication: 2025).

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101714112 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2575-3126 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25753126 NLM ISO Abbreviation: A A Pract Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Endometriosis*/surgery , Pain, Postoperative*/drug therapy , Analgesics, Opioid*/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Opioid*/administration & dosage , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/administration & dosage , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Morphine/administration & dosage ; Morphine/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Middle Aged

Preparation, characterisation, and testing of reservoir-based implantable devices loaded with tizanidine and lidocaine.

Autoren: Picco CJ Bhalerao MS Fandino OE et al.

Quelle: Drug delivery and translational research [Drug Deliv Transl Res] 2025 Dec; Vol. 15 (12), pp. 4708-4728. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 15.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101540061 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2190-3948 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2190393X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Drug Deliv Transl Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/analogs & derivatives , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/chemistry , Lidocaine*/administration & dosage , Lidocaine*/chemistry , Anesthetics, Local*/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local*/chemistry, Drug Liberation ; Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry ; Drug Implants/chemistry ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Muscle Spasticity/drug therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Clonidine and Midazolam for Sedation in Pediatric Intensive Care.

Autoren: Bardol M Sheng Y Baarslag M et al.

Körperschaften: Bardol M Sheng Y Baarslag M et al.

Quelle: Paediatric anaesthesia [Paediatr Anaesth] 2025 Dec; Vol. 35 (12), pp. 1053-1062. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Arnette-Blackwell Country of Publication: France NLM ID: 9206575 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1460-9592 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11555645 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Paediatr Anaesth Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/pharmacokinetics , Clonidine*/pharmacology , Midazolam*/pharmacokinetics , Midazolam*/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/pharmacokinetics , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/pharmacology , Critical Care*/methods , Conscious Sedation*/methods, Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Child ; Male ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Infant, Newborn ; Models, Biological ; Respiration, Artificial

Synergistic enhancement of anti-migraine efficacy through supramolecular self-assembly of tizanidine with meloxicam.

Autoren: Wu D Chen C Chen W et al.

Quelle: Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society [J Control Release] 2025 Nov 10; Vol. 387, pp. 114248. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 20.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8607908 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4995 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01683659 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Control Release Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Meloxicam*/chemistry , Meloxicam*/administration & dosage , Thiazines*/administration & dosage , Thiazines*/chemistry , Thiazines*/therapeutic use , Migraine Disorders*/drug therapy , Thiazoles*/administration & dosage , Thiazoles*/chemistry , Thiazoles*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/analogs & derivatives , Clonidine*/chemistry , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal*/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal*/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal*/chemistry, Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Rats ; Drug Synergism ; Solubility ; Drug Liberation

Safety of Baclofen and Tizanidine in Older Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large Integrated Health Care System.

Autoren: George MM Deamer RL Lee-Rodriguez S et al.

Quelle: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [J Am Geriatr Soc] 2025 Nov; Vol. 73 (11), pp. 3425-3433. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 13.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Blackwell Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7503062 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-5415 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00028614 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Geriatr Soc Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Baclofen*/adverse effects , Baclofen*/therapeutic use , Muscle Relaxants, Central*/adverse effects , Clonidine*/adverse effects , Clonidine*/analogs & derivatives, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ; Potentially Inappropriate Medication List ; California/epidemiology ; Amitriptyline/analogs & derivatives

Clonidine prevents radiation-induced cell death in human brain organoids.

Autoren: Lundberg M Samudyata Koskuvi M et al.

Quelle: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2025 Oct 31; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 38113. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 31.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Organoids*/drug effects , Organoids*/radiation effects , Organoids*/pathology , Clonidine*/pharmacology , Brain*/drug effects , Brain*/radiation effects , Brain*/pathology , Radiation Injuries*/prevention & control , Radiation Injuries*/pathology, Humans ; DNA Damage/drug effects ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Death/radiation effects ; Neural Stem Cells/drug effects ; Neural Stem Cells/radiation effects ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/radiation effects

Evaluation of the Effect of Alpha2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation on Prolactin Secretion Using the Clonidine Test in the Diagnosis of Children with Short Stature.

Autoren: Pakuła A Fedorczak A Kolasa-Kicińska M et al.

Quelle: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2025 Oct 13; Vol. 26 (20). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 13.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/pharmacology , Prolactin*/metabolism , Prolactin*/blood , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2*/metabolism , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/pharmacology , Growth Disorders*/diagnosis , Growth Disorders*/blood , Growth Disorders*/metabolism, Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Human Growth Hormone/blood ; Human Growth Hormone/deficiency ; Body Height ; Adolescent

Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine versus Intravenous Clonidine for Controlled Hypotension during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Autoren: Krishna S Shetty D Podder S et al.

Quelle: Annals of African medicine [Ann Afr Med] 2025 Oct 01; Vol. 24 (4), pp. 835-840. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 05.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Observational Study; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Medknow Publications Country of Publication: India NLM ID: 101231417 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0975-5764 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09755764 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Afr Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Dexmedetomidine*/administration & dosage , Dexmedetomidine*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Endoscopy*/methods , Endoscopy*/adverse effects , Hypotension, Controlled*/methods, Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Hemodynamics/drug effects ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control

The Crucial Role of Body Mass Index on Growth Hormone Stimulation Tests in Children: An Exploration of Potential Gender-Related Differences.

Autoren: Ari H Celik NB Savas-Erdeve S et al.

Quelle: Clinical pediatrics [Clin Pediatr (Phila)] 2025 Oct; Vol. 64 (10), pp. 1380-1387. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372606 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-2707 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00099228 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Pediatr (Phila) Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Body Mass Index* , Human Growth Hormone*/blood , Clonidine* , Growth Disorders*/diagnosis, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Levodopa ; Child, Preschool ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Using Clonidine for neuromodulation in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Autoren: Lin S Kote A Andersson T et al.

Quelle: Heart rhythm [Heart Rhythm] 2025 Sep; Vol. 22 (9), pp. e781-e790. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 06.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Observational Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101200317 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1556-3871 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15475271 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Heart Rhythm Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome*/physiopathology , Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome*/drug therapy , Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome*/diagnosis , Heart Rate*/drug effects , Sympathetic Nervous System*/drug effects , Sympathetic Nervous System*/physiopathology, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Middle Aged

Comparing the effect of pre-anesthesia clonidine and tranexamic acid on intraoperative bleeding volume in rhinoplasty: a machine learning approach.

Autoren: Asghari Varzaneh Z Hemmatipour A Kazemi-Arpanahi H

Quelle: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2025 Aug 17; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 30062. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 17.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Tranexamic Acid*/administration & dosage , Tranexamic Acid*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Rhinoplasty*/adverse effects , Rhinoplasty*/methods , Blood Loss, Surgical*/prevention & control , Machine Learning*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Antifibrinolytic Agents

Multiple Reaction Monitoring LC-MS/MS Quantification of N-Nitrosamine Drug Substance Related Impurities of Clonidine in Drug Substance and in Tablet Dosage Form.

Autoren: Vallamkonda B Yarguntla SR Challa RR

Quelle: Biomedical chromatography : BMC [Biomed Chromatogr] 2025 Jul; Vol. 39 (7), pp. e70123.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8610241 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1099-0801 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02693879 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomed Chromatogr Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Tandem Mass Spectrometry*/methods , Clonidine*/chemistry , Clonidine*/analysis , Drug Contamination* , Nitrosamines*/analysis , Nitrosamines*/chemistry, Tablets/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Linear Models ; Limit of Detection ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Intraoperative Clonidine in Spine Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Autoren: Birkebæk S Juul N Rasmussen MM et al.

Quelle: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica [Acta Anaesthesiol Scand] 2025 Jul; Vol. 69 (6), pp. e70048.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0370270 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1399-6576 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00015172 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Clonidine*/therapeutic use , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/adverse effects , Pain, Postoperative*/drug therapy , Pain, Postoperative*/prevention & control , Spine*/surgery , Intraoperative Care*/methods , Analgesics*/therapeutic use , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Double-Blind Method ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Pain Measurement ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology

Combination of a propofol emulsion with alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists used for multimodal analgesia or sedation in intensive care units: a physicochemical stability study.

Autoren: Roche M Rousseleau D Danel C et al.

Quelle: European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice [Eur J Hosp Pharm] 2025 Aug 21; Vol. 32 (5), pp. 461-467. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 21.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101578294 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2047-9956 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20479956 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Hosp Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Propofol*/chemistry , Propofol*/administration & dosage , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/chemistry , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists*/administration & dosage , Clonidine*/chemistry , Clonidine*/administration & dosage , Dexmedetomidine*/chemistry , Dexmedetomidine*/administration & dosage , Intensive Care Units* , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/chemistry , Hypnotics and Sedatives*/administration & dosage , Analgesia*/methods, Drug Stability ; Emulsions/chemistry ; Humans ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods