Suchergebnisse - "COST benefit analysis"

Health and economic impact of the 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (V116) for adults in Japan: a delta price approach.

Autoren: Mueller PP Tajima A Cassell K et al.

Quelle: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 136-145. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 02.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Pneumococcal Vaccines*/economics , Pneumococcal Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Markov Chains* , Quality-Adjusted Life Years* , Pneumococcal Infections*/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Infections*/economics , Vaccines, Conjugate*/economics, Humans ; Japan ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Models, Econometric

Approaches to economic evaluations of complex interventions in thailand: a systematic review.

Autoren: Wattanasukchai L Duan Y McMeekin N et al.

Quelle: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2025 Nov 25; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 4135. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 25.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Systematic Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis*, Thailand ; Humans

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of risk-adapted colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial and modeling analysis.

Autoren: Chen HD Lu B Shi JF et al.

Quelle: Military Medical Research [Mil Med Res] 2025 Nov 24; Vol. 12 (1), pp. 82. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 24.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101643181 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2054-9369 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20549369 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mil Med Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Colorectal Neoplasms*/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms*/economics , Colorectal Neoplasms*/epidemiology , Cost-Benefit Analysis*/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis*/statistics & numerical data , Early Detection of Cancer*/methods , Early Detection of Cancer*/economics , Early Detection of Cancer*/standards , Early Detection of Cancer*/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening*/methods , Mass Screening*/economics , Mass Screening*/standards , Mass Screening*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; China/epidemiology ; Colonoscopy/methods ; Colonoscopy/statistics & numerical data ; Colonoscopy/economics ; Markov Chains ; Occult Blood ; Risk Assessment/methods

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Ceftazidime/Avibactam With Standard of Care in the Treatment of Hospital and Ventilator-Acquired Pneumonia in the Philippines.

Autoren: Solante RM Tiu D Tan K et al.

Quelle: Value in health regional issues [Value Health Reg Issues] 2025 Nov; Vol. 50, pp. 101158. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 07.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101592642 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2212-1102 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22121099 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Value Health Reg Issues Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Ceftazidime*/therapeutic use , Ceftazidime*/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis*/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis*/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/economics , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated*/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated*/economics , Azabicyclo Compounds*/therapeutic use , Azabicyclo Compounds*/economics , Standard of Care*/economics , Standard of Care*/standards , Standard of Care*/statistics & numerical data , Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia*/drug therapy, Humans ; Philippines ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Meropenem/therapeutic use ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Cost-Effectiveness of Surgery for Spinal Metastasis: A Systematic Review.

Autoren: Heesen P Nordin EOR Sanker V et al.

Quelle: Spine [Spine (Phila Pa 1976)] 2025 Dec 15; Vol. 50 (24), pp. 1779-1787. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 04.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Systematic Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7610646 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1528-1159 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03622436 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Spinal Neoplasms*/economics , Spinal Neoplasms*/surgery , Spinal Neoplasms*/secondary, Humans

Cost-effectiveness of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression: Economic evaluation of the PAX-BD randomised controlled trial.

Autoren: Berger M Helter T Azim L et al.

Quelle: Journal of affective disorders [J Affect Disord] 2025 Dec 15; Vol. 391, pp. 119937. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 18.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7906073 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2517 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01650327 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Affect Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Pramipexole*/economics , Pramipexole*/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder*/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder*/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/economics , Antimanic Agents*/economics , Antimanic Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Drug Therapy, Combination/economics

The cost-effectiveness of penicillin allergy assessment pathway (PAAP): a decision analysis.

Autoren: Yang M Bestwick R Howdon D et al.

Quelle: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2025 Dec 03; Vol. 15 (12), pp. e104168. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Drug Hypersensitivity*/economics , Drug Hypersensitivity*/diagnosis , Penicillins*/adverse effects , Penicillins*/economics , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/adverse effects, Humans ; Female ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Decision Trees ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Decision Support Techniques ; Adult ; Aged ; State Medicine/economics

Cost-effectiveness analysis of anlotinib plus penpulimab versus sorafenib in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Autoren: Luo J Li Z Gui C et al.

Quelle: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics [Hum Vaccin Immunother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 2582294. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 01.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101572652 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2164-554X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21645515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hum Vaccin Immunother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Sorafenib*/economics , Sorafenib*/therapeutic use , Sorafenib*/administration & dosage , Liver Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms*/economics , Quinolines*/economics , Quinolines*/therapeutic use , Quinolines*/administration & dosage , Indoles*/economics , Indoles*/therapeutic use , Indoles*/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents*/economics , Antineoplastic Agents*/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols*/economics , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; China ; Male ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

Cost-Utility Analysis of Universal Lynch Syndrome Screening among Colorectal Cancer Patients in a Low-Middle-Income Country.

Autoren: Huynh CB Kim C Lam NV et al.

Quelle: Yonsei medical journal [Yonsei Med J] 2025 Dec; Vol. 66 (12), pp. 816-825.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Yonsei University Country of Publication: Korea (South) NLM ID: 0414003 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1976-2437 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 05135796 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Yonsei Med J Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis*/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis*/economics , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis*/genetics , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Colorectal Neoplasms*/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms*/economics , Colorectal Neoplasms*/genetics , Early Detection of Cancer*/economics , Early Detection of Cancer*/methods , Mass Screening*/economics, Humans ; Vietnam ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Immunohistochemistry ; Markov Chains ; Developing Countries ; Adult ; Decision Trees

The Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Vitamin A Supplementation: An Assessment of a Vitamin A Days-Plus Event in Burkina Faso.

Autoren: Vosti SA Korb M Baker M et al.

Quelle: Food and nutrition bulletin [Food Nutr Bull] 2025 Dec; Vol. 46 (4), pp. 147-163. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 08.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7906418 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1564-8265 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03795721 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Nutr Bull Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Vitamin A*/economics , Vitamin A*/administration & dosage , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Dietary Supplements*/economics , Vitamin A Deficiency*/economics , Vitamin A Deficiency*/prevention & control , Vitamin A Deficiency*/drug therapy , Vitamin A Deficiency*/epidemiology, Humans ; Burkina Faso/epidemiology ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Caregivers ; Female ; Male ; Urban Population ; Rural Population ; Health Promotion/economics ; Child

Vertical dominance: Cost-effectiveness, randomisation, and the bias against horizontal interventions in global health.

Autoren: Stoljar Gold A; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Quelle: Global public health [Glob Public Health] 2025 Dec; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 2523542. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 30.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101256323 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-1706 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17441692 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Glob Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Global Health*/economics , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic*, Humans ; Bias

Cost-effectiveness of prevention program for type 2 diabetes mellitus in high risk patients in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Autoren: Grujić-Vujmilović D Veljković K Gavrić Ž et al.

Quelle: The Libyan journal of medicine [Libyan J Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 2437226. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 15.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101299403 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1819-6357 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18196357 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Libyan J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Quality-Adjusted Life Years*, Humans ; Bosnia and Herzegovina/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State/epidemiology ; Prediabetic State/therapy ; Prediabetic State/economics ; Markov Chains ; Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Monte Carlo Method

Cost-effectiveness of immunization strategies to protect infants against respiratory syncytial virus in the Netherlands.

Autoren: Langedijk AC van den Dungen F Harteveld L et al.

Quelle: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics [Hum Vaccin Immunother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 2521912. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 25.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101572652 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2164-554X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21645515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hum Vaccin Immunother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/prevention & control , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/economics , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/epidemiology , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines*/economics , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines*/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/economics , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/administration & dosage , Immunization*/economics , Immunization*/methods , Vaccination*/economics , Vaccination*/methods, Humans ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Infant ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Cost-effectiveness of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F vaccine for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus among older adults in Germany.

Autoren: Averin A Huebbe B Atwood M et al.

Quelle: Expert review of vaccines [Expert Rev Vaccines] 2025 Dec; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 1-10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 18.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101155475 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-8395 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14760584 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Expert Rev Vaccines Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/prevention & control , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/economics , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections*/epidemiology , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines*/economics , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines*/immunology, Humans ; Aged ; Germany/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; Female ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology ; Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology ; Cohort Studies

Cost-utility analysis of newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy in Japan.

Autoren: Hata A Uda A Tanaka S et al.

Quelle: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 44-53. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 18.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Neonatal Screening*/economics , Neonatal Screening*/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Quality-Adjusted Life Years* , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal*/diagnosis , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal*/economics , Markov Chains*, Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Japan ; Decision Trees ; Female ; Male ; Models, Econometric

Cost-effectiveness of a behavioral insights-informed digital campaign to increase HPV vaccination in Bangladesh.

Autoren: Agha S Zeng W

Quelle: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics [Hum Vaccin Immunother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 2500264. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 05.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101572652 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2164-554X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21645515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hum Vaccin Immunother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Papillomavirus Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Papillomavirus Vaccines*/economics , Papillomavirus Infections*/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections*/economics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*/economics , Vaccination*/economics , Vaccination*/statistics & numerical data , Social Media*/economics , Health Promotion*/economics , Health Promotion*/methods , Immunization Programs*/economics, Humans ; Female ; Bangladesh ; Adolescent ; Child ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years

The cost-effectiveness of treatment for high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer in Egypt: an analysis of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant single-agent pembrolizumab.

Autoren: Pöllinger B Haiderali A Huang M et al.

Quelle: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 105-113. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 03.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/economics , Markov Chains* , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms*/pathology , Quality-Adjusted Life Years* , Neoadjuvant Therapy*/economics, Humans ; Egypt ; Female ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/economics ; Neoplasm Staging ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/economics ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/economics ; Middle Aged ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ; Models, Econometric

Cost-effectiveness analyses of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children and adults: A narrative review.

Autoren: Shono A Hoshi SL Kondo M

Quelle: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics [Hum Vaccin Immunother] 2025 Dec; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 2525619. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 14.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Review

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101572652 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2164-554X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21645515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hum Vaccin Immunother Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Pneumococcal Vaccines*/economics , Pneumococcal Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Pneumococcal Vaccines*/immunology , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Pneumococcal Infections*/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Infections*/economics, Humans ; Child ; Adult ; Vaccines, Conjugate/economics ; Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology ; Child, Preschool

Comparing pulsed field ablation and thermal energy catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the ADVENT trial.

Autoren: Padula WV Paffrath A Jacobsen CM et al.

Quelle: Journal of medical economics [J Med Econ] 2025 Dec; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 127-135. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 02.

Publikationsart: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9892255 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-837X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13696998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Econ Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Atrial Fibrillation*/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation*/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Quality-Adjusted Life Years* , Catheter Ablation*/economics , Catheter Ablation*/methods , Markov Chains*, Humans ; Decision Trees ; Female ; Male ; Models, Econometric ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Middle Aged ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Cost-effectiveness of surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy in the United Kingdom.

Autoren: Goacher E Yardanov S Phillips R et al.

Quelle: British journal of neurosurgery [Br J Neurosurg] 2025 Dec; Vol. 39 (6), pp. 776-780. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 26.

Publikationsart: Journal Article

Info zur Zeitschrift: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8800054 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-046X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02688697 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Neurosurg Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH-Schlagworte: Cost-Benefit Analysis* , Cervical Vertebrae*/surgery , Spinal Cord Diseases*/surgery , Spinal Cord Diseases*/economics , Spinal Cord Diseases*/epidemiology , Neurosurgical Procedures*/economics, Humans ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Adult ; State Medicine/economics ; Aged, 80 and over ; Young Adult ; Decompression, Surgical/economics