Search Results - "Birds"

Active surveillance for emerging influenza A virus: findings from a one health study in Vietnam's live bird markets.

Authors: Bui VN Oguzie JU Dao TD et al.

Source: International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [Int J Infect Dis] 2025 Dec; Vol. 161, pp. 108132. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 15.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 9610933 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-3511 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 12019712 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Influenza A virus*/isolation & purification , Influenza A virus*/classification , Influenza, Human*/epidemiology , Influenza, Human*/virology, Vietnam/epidemiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Birds/virology ; One Health ; Phylogeny ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Poultry/virology

Natural infections of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in wild birds between 2020 and 2023 in the UK: a retrospective study with focus on microscopic lesions, viral distribution and neurotropism.

Authors: Martí-Garcia B Lean FZX Núñez A et al.

Source: Veterinary research [Vet Res] 2025 Nov 18; Vol. 56 (1), pp. 218. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 18.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9309551 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1297-9716 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09284249 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Res Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/pathology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/physiology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Viral Tropism*, Animals ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Animals, Wild ; Birds ; Retrospective Studies

Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H7 Introduction and Spread in the Russian Federation.

Authors: Varvashenko D Shcherbinin S Varkentin A et al.

Source: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) [Pathogens] 2025 Nov 11; Vol. 14 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 11.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596317 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2076-0817 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20760817 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pathogens Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Disease Outbreaks*/veterinary , Influenza A virus*, Animals ; Russia/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Birds/virology ; Poultry/virology

Epidemiology, Virology, and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Kazakhstan.

Authors: Bekshin Z Temirbekova A Nurbekova Z et al.

Source: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) [Pathogens] 2025 Oct 24; Vol. 14 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 24.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596317 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2076-0817 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20760817 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pathogens Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/prevention & control , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/isolation & purification, Kazakhstan/epidemiology ; Animals ; Birds/virology ; Poultry/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Animal Migration ; Animals, Wild/virology

Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N1) Isolated in Egypt During 2021-2023.

Authors: Kamel MN Moatasim Y Aboulhoda BE et al.

Source: Viruses [Viruses] 2025 Oct 13; Vol. 17 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 13.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification , Poultry Diseases*/virology , Poultry Diseases*/transmission, Animals ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Chickens/virology ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Poultry/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Ducks/virology ; Birds/virology ; Virulence

Epidemiology and pathobiology of H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza in South Korea (2003-2024): a comprehensive review.

Authors: Lee SH Kwon JH Youk S et al.

Source: The veterinary quarterly [Vet Q] 2025 Dec; Vol. 45 (1), pp. 23-38. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 07.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7909485 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1875-5941 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01652176 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Q Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza A virus*/pathogenicity , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Poultry Diseases*/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases*/virology, Animals ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Birds ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/genetics ; Poultry ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics ; Chickens

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Finland in 2021-2023 - Genetic diversity of the viruses and infection kinetics in human dendritic cells.

Authors: Altan E Avelin V Aaltonen K et al.

Source: Emerging microbes & infections [Emerg Microbes Infect] 2025 Dec; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 2447618. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jan 10.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101594885 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2222-1751 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22221751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Microbes Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Dendritic Cells*/virology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/physiology , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza, Human*/virology , Genetic Variation*, Humans ; Animals ; Finland/epidemiology ; Virus Replication ; Foxes/virology ; Mink/virology ; Birds/virology ; Galliformes/virology

Intensive reassortment and frequent intercontinental transmission revealed by long-term genetic analysis of H10 avian influenza viruses in Taiwan.

Authors: Li WC Chang CY Liu YP et al.

Source: Emerging microbes & infections [Emerg Microbes Infect] 2025 Dec; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 2556794. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 18.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101594885 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2222-1751 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22221751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Microbes Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Influenza A virus*/classification , Influenza A virus*/isolation & purification , Reassortant Viruses*/genetics , Reassortant Viruses*/isolation & purification , Reassortant Viruses*/classification, Animals ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Birds/virology ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Genotype ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses from birds in China replicate effectively in bovine cells and pose potential public health risk.

Authors: Xiong J Ding S Zhou J et al.

Source: Emerging microbes & infections [Emerg Microbes Infect] 2025 Dec; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 2505649. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 30.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101594885 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2222-1751 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22221751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Microbes Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/physiology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification , Virus Replication* , Cattle Diseases*/virology , Cattle Diseases*/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases*/transmission, Animals ; Cattle ; China/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Public Health ; Phylogeny ; Geese/virology ; Ducks/virology ; Birds/virology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Disease Outbreaks ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/transmission

Modelling spillover risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza from wild birds to poultry in Denmark.

Authors: Liu Y Kjær LJ Boklund AE et al.

Source: Preventive veterinary medicine [Prev Vet Med] 2025 Dec; Vol. 245, pp. 106669. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 27.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8217463 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-1716 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01675877 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Prev Vet Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Poultry Diseases*/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases*/virology , Disease Outbreaks*/veterinary , Influenza A virus*/physiology, Animals ; Denmark/epidemiology ; Animals, Wild ; Birds ; Poultry ; Geese

Evaluation of global distribution, genetic evolution, and mammalian infectivity and pathogenicity of H13 and H16 avian influenza viruses.

Authors: Li X Li A Qu F et al.

Source: Emerging microbes & infections [Emerg Microbes Infect] 2025 Dec; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 2482695. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 28.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101594885 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2222-1751 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22221751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Microbes Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Evolution, Molecular* , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Influenza A virus*/pathogenicity , Influenza A virus*/classification , Influenza A virus*/isolation & purification , Orthomyxoviridae Infections*/virology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections*/transmission , Orthomyxoviridae Infections*/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections*/veterinary, Animals ; Phylogeny ; Mice ; China/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Birds/virology ; Mammals/virology ; Humans ; Virulence ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology

Unique phenomenon of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in China: co-circulation of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N6 results in diversity of H5 Virus.

Authors: Zhang X Yang Y Han X et al.

Source: Emerging microbes & infections [Emerg Microbes Infect] 2025 Dec; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 2502005. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 12.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101594885 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2222-1751 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22221751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Microbes Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Influenza A virus*/classification , Influenza A virus*/pathogenicity , Influenza A virus*/isolation & purification, Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Birds/virology ; Mice ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics ; Poultry/virology ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Chickens

Recent advances in lateral flow devices and point-of-care diagnostics for highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses.

Authors: Lin M-W Quintela IA Sablani SS et al.

Source: Journal of virology [J Virol] 2025 Nov 25; Vol. 99 (11), pp. e0148425. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 04.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: American Society For Microbiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0113724 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-5514 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0022538X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Virol Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/diagnosis , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Point-of-Care Systems* , Influenza A virus*/pathogenicity , Influenza A virus*/isolation & purification , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Influenza, Human*/diagnosis , Influenza, Human*/virology, Animals ; Birds/virology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Point-of-Care Testing

Zoonotic Implications of the Co-Circulation of Clade 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1a H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Nepal in 2023.

Authors: Koirala P Maharjan M Chapagain S et al.

Source: Viruses [Viruses] 2025 Nov 06; Vol. 17 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 06.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza, Human*/virology , Influenza, Human*/epidemiology , Influenza, Human*/transmission , Zoonoses*/virology , Zoonoses*/epidemiology , Viral Zoonoses*/epidemiology , Viral Zoonoses*/virology, Nepal/epidemiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Viral ; Birds/virology ; Cats ; Disease Outbreaks ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics

An economic evaluation of preventing vs. suppressing HPAI outbreaks: A case study from Iowa.

Authors: Koppes P Guerrant T Marks D et al.

Source: Preventive veterinary medicine [Prev Vet Med] 2025 Nov; Vol. 244, pp. 106651. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 06.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8217463 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-1716 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01675877 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Prev Vet Med Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/prevention & control , Influenza in Birds*/economics , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Disease Outbreaks*/veterinary , Disease Outbreaks*/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks*/economics , Poultry Diseases*/prevention & control , Poultry Diseases*/economics , Poultry Diseases*/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases*/virology, Animals ; Iowa/epidemiology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Animals, Wild ; Poultry ; Birds

A Rapid Review Contrasting the Evidence on Avian Influenza A(H5Nx) Clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1c in Humans.

Authors: Corrin T Young KM Qamar M et al.

Source: Zoonoses and public health [Zoonoses Public Health] 2025 Nov; Vol. 72 (7), pp. 553-586. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 26.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Blackwell Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101300786 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1863-2378 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18631959 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Zoonoses Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza, Human*/virology , Influenza, Human*/epidemiology , Influenza, Human*/transmission , Influenza A virus*/classification , Influenza A virus*/genetics , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology, Humans ; Animals ; Birds ; Zoonoses/virology

Co-producing public health advice for people working on premises infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Authors: Smith LE Martin AF Pae R et al.

Source: Public health [Public Health] 2025 Nov; Vol. 248, pp. 105976. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 08.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0376507 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-5616 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00333506 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/prevention & control , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Influenza, Human*/prevention & control , Influenza, Human*/transmission , Public Health*, Humans ; Animals ; Poultry ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Birds

Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in the Izumi plain reveals the role of wild ducks in the introduction of H5N1 HPAIVs during the 2023/24 winter season.

Authors: Esaki M Okuya K Tokorozaki K et al.

Source: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases [Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis] 2025 Nov; Vol. 123, pp. 102389. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 08.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7808924 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1667 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01479571 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Ducks*/virology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification, Animals ; Phylogeny ; Seasons ; Japan/epidemiology ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Genotype ; Birds/virology

Tracing the possible origins of the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses from India.

Authors: Pawar SD Tare DS Keng SS et al.

Source: Virology [Virology] 2025 Nov; Vol. 612, pp. 110654. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 29.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0110674 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0341 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00426822 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Virology Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/classification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/classification , Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype*/pathogenicity, India/epidemiology ; Animals ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Birds/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics ; Humans

RNA replicon vaccination confers long-lasting protection against H5N1 avian influenza in 23 zoo bird species.

Authors: Stettler M Hoby S Wenker C et al.

Source: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2025 Oct 20; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 9245. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 20.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

MeSH Terms: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza in Birds*/prevention & control , Influenza in Birds*/immunology , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza Vaccines*/immunology , Influenza Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines*/genetics , Replicon*/genetics, Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics ; Animals, Zoo/virology ; Chickens/immunology ; Vaccination/veterinary ; Virus Shedding ; Birds ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms